2024年度国自然医学部科研热点中标数统计(来源如图)
视频讲解
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重点总结
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【中文问答】细胞衰老现象是如何被发现的?(了解)
1961年,Hayflick和Moorhead发现成纤维细胞在培养过程中有有限的分裂次数,不能无限增殖。这一现象后来被解释为染色体端粒的逐渐缩短,最终导致染色体不稳定和DNA损伤,触发了复制性衰老。
【英语问答】How is cellular senescence discovered?
In 1961, Hayflick and Moorhead discovered that human fibroblasts had a limited number of cell divisions in culture before ceasing proliferation. This phenomenon was later explained by the progressive shortening of telomeres, leading to chromosomal instability and DNA damage, which triggers replicative senescence.
【注释】
senescence n.衰老
fibroblast 成纤维细胞
cell culture细胞培养
proliferation 增殖
trigger vt.诱导
telomere n.端粒
progressive adj.进展的,进行性加重的
【中文问答】什么是细胞衰老?(掌握)
细胞衰老是一种细胞机制,其特征包括永久的细胞周期停滞、衰老相关分泌表型(SASP)、形态改变和凋亡抵抗。尽管衰老细胞在每个组织中的比例较小,但由于它们持续分泌促炎介质,可能导致组织功能障碍和多种与衰老相关的病理过程。
【英语问答】How do you define cellular senescence?
Cellular senescence is a cellular mechanism characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), morphological changes, and resistance to apoptosis. Although senescent cells are present in low numbers in each tissue, they can contribute to tissue dysfunction and various age-related pathologies by continuously secreting pro-inflammatory mediators.
【注释】
be characterized by表现为…,以…为特点
permanent adj.永久的
apoptosis n.凋亡
【中文问答】细胞衰老有哪些主要特征?(掌握)
【注释】
heterogeneous 异质性的
dynamic 动态的
stimulus n.刺激(stimuli)