引文信息：
Congqing Deng, Shanqi Zheng, Ke Zhong & Fan Wang. Highly Bendable Ionic Electro-responsive Artificial Muscles Using Microfibrillated Cellulose Fibers Combined with Polyvinyl Alcohol. Journal of Bionic Engineering，2024，21（5），2313- 2323.Highly Bendable Ionic Electro-responsive Artificial Muscles Using Microfibrillated Cellulose Fibers Combined with Polyvinyl Alcohol
1 Department of Computer Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan.
2 Department of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies, University of Prince Mugrin, 42241, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
3 Department of Computer Science, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, 4051, Palestine.
4 Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
5 Department of Information Technology, Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson, Irbid, 21110, Jordan.
Abstract
For promising applications such as soft robotics, flexible haptic monitors, and active biomedical devices, it is important to develop ultralow voltage, highly-performant artificial muscles with high bending strains, rapid response times, and superior actuation endurance. We report a novel highly performant and low-cost artificial muscle based on microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), ionic liquid (IL), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), The proposed MFC–IL–PVA actuator exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and actuations characteristics with a high specific capacitance of 225 mF/cm2, a large bending strain of 0.51%, peak displacement up to 7.02 mm at 0.25 V ultra-low voltage, outstanding actuation flexural endurance (99.1% holding rate for 3 h), and a wide frequency band (0.1–5 Hz). These attributes stem mainly from its high specific surface area and porosity, tunable mechanical properties, and the strong ionic interactions of cations and anions with MFC and PVA in ionic liquids. Furthermore, bionic applications such as bionic flytraps, bionic butterflies with vibrating wings, and smart circuit switches have been successfully realized using this technology. These specific bionic applications demonstrate the versatility and potential of the MFC–IL–PVA actuator, highlighting its important role in the fields of bionic engineering, robotics, and smart materials. They open up new possibilities for innovative scientific research and technological applications.
Fig. W1 Schematic diagram of the MFC–IL–PVA actuator: a The preparation process of the actuator; b the chemical structure of the composite film; c bending deformation mechanism of the actuator; d actuation testing system.
Fig. W2 Morphological characterizations of the MFC–IL–PVA nanobiocomposite membranes, SEM images of: a,b MFC membranes; c–e MFC–IL membranes; f–g MFC–IL–PVA membranes; h–i cross sections of MFC–IL–PVA actuators.
Fig. W3 Electromechanical properties: a FT-IR curves; b XRD curve; c stress–strain curve; d CV curve of the actuator as it varies at 200 mV/s within a potential window of −2.0 to 2.0 V; e CV curves for MFC–IL–PVA actuators at different sweep rates from −1.5 to 1.5 V; f specific capacitance curves of the actuator at different scan rates from −1.5 to 1.5 V.
Fig. W4 Bioinspired applications of the MFC–IL–PVA actuators: a Optical images of a prototype homopterous bionic butterfly. Initially, the butterfly prototype was in a dead position; after a 0.1 Hz, 1 V AC input, the bionic butterfly behaved similarly to a live butterfly; b intelligent switching circuit that simulates the switch closure process at an input of 1.0 V; c bionic flytrap that simulates the process of feeding on insects at 0.1 Hz with a square input of 1.0 V.
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