keep/hold at bay
控制，使不接近
例1
The use of prophylactic anticoagulation in post-surgical patients not only reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis but also holds at bay potentially fatal complications, such as pulmonary embolism, which can occur if thrombosis remains unchecked.术后患者中使用预防性抗凝治疗不仅能够降低深静脉血栓的风险，还能有效防止潜在的致命并发症，如肺栓塞，其可在血栓未得到控制的情况下发生。
· prophylactic anticoagulation 预防性抗凝
prophylaxis n.预防
备考建议：prophylactic及其名词形式prophylaxis是非常正式医学术语，如果大家在医学考博英语写作时需要表达“预防”，可以尝试使用，较 prevent/preventative/prevention 更正式、专业，也会给文章加分。
· post-surgical/postpartum/postdoctoral adj.术后的/产后的/博士后的
拆分：post-前缀表示“后”
· deep vein thrombosis（DVT）深静脉血栓
· complication n.并发症
拓展：side effect（副作用）、adverse effect/reaction（不良反应）、indication/contraindication（适应症/禁忌症）
· pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
例2
Early intervention with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has proven essential to hold at bay the inflammatory processes that lead to irreversible joint deformities and systemic complications.
使用改善病情抗风湿药（DMARDs）进行早期干预对类风湿性关节炎患者至关重要，能够有效遏制炎症过程，其可导致不可逆关节畸形和全身并发症。
· rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎
· irreversible adj.不可逆的
例3
Regular use of bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids helps to hold bronchospasm at bay, not only ensuring stable respiratory function but also reducing the frequency of acute exacerbations that can lead to hospitalization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
定期使用支气管扩张剂和吸入性类固醇有助于控制支气管痉挛，不仅能维持稳定的呼吸功能，还能减少急性加重的发生频率，从而降低慢性阻塞性肺病患者住院的风险。
拆分：broncho(支气管)+dilate（扩张）+or（物）
· bronchospasm n.支气管痉挛
· inhaled corticosteroid 吸入性激素
· chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）慢性阻塞性肺疾病
拆分：
chronic 强调病程
obstructive 强调性质（阻塞性而非限制性）
pulmonary 强调部位
disease 中心词
拓展：acute exacerbation 急性加重
AECOPD 慢阻肺急性加重
例4
Antidepressants, combined with psychotherapy, are often prescribed to hold relapse at bay in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder, thereby reducing the risk of future episodes and improving overall mental health outcomes.
抗抑郁药联合心理治疗常被用于预防反复发作的重度抑郁障碍患者的复发，从而降低未来发作的风险并改善整体心理健康预后。
combined use of antibiotics
· relapse n.复发
· episode n.发作
