檀香紫檀1932年前后的林木蓄积

乐活   2024-06-24 20:42   天津  
  

檀香紫檀的林木蓄积

文/R.S.Person & Brown 译/施军等

枫亚注:本文摘自周默先生所著《紫檀》(第1版)附录中的“第4节”。该文出自1932年出版的《印度商用木材》(Commercial Timber of India)中的Red sanders wood(檀香紫檀)部分。作者为印度学者R.S.Person & Brown。

(原文部分)  
    4.SUPPLIES 
    The extraction of red sanders wood has in the past been very heavy and has not been confined to stem and branch wood, but the roots also have been taken out, and Whitehead rightly remarks that it is a matter for surprise that the tree has escaped total extermination The present crop is in the pole stage, and even that has in some cases been mutilated by fire and man. Fortunately the tree reproduces vigorously by seed and suckers. The present yield, which chiefly comes from improvement fellings, is in small sizes of timber and large quantities of firewood. Whitehead, in his forest Bulletin, gives figures of out-turn over a period of four years, which show the average yield per annum of timber from the East Cuddapah Division to be 1004 tonsand that of fuel 25250 tons. In the West Cuddapah Division the figuresof out-turn are not classified according to species and only total figures are available, though Whitehead states that at least 50 percent is of red sanders.Based on this assumption the average out-turn of timber and fuel for a period of four years ending 1916 is 504 tons and 4251 tons respectively. As a further indication of the amount available in the forests it may be stated that from accurate enumerations forworking plans it was found that in some hill blocks of East Cuddapah the crop contained more than 10 percent. of red sanders, and that the total area covered by this species in the East and West Cuddapah Division was over 1000 sq. miles.
(译文部分)
枫亚注:本译文摘自周默先生所著《紫檀》(第2版)P31。原著P30中有文字说明如下:

    “此处将英文翻译成中文(翻译由好友施军先生、原林业部翻译室主任杜梦纲先生、康定中教授及已移居英国的原四川省林科院木材工业专家武威蔚教授翻译、审定)”。

译文正文:
    林木蓄积(对应4.SUPPLIES )
    檀香紫檀曾被严重过伐。其利用不仅限于树枝和主干,而是连根拔起。怀赫德指出,这一树种竟能逃脱完全灭绝的命运,实在令人慨叹。现有林分处于顶级状态(不错的成长期),仍不时受到火灾和人类活动交相影响。所幸此树能利用其种子和根蘖顽强繁殖,得以存续至今。目前产量主要来自抚育采伐(枫亚注:"扶育采伐"指间伐或择伐。其目的是,1.降低林分密度,改善林木生长条件;2.促进林木生长,缩短林木培育期;3.清除劣质林木,提高林分质量;4.实现早期利用,提高木材总利用量),所得为小径级及大量薪材。怀赫德在其公报中提供了东古德伯区4年期平均年产量:木材1,004吨,薪材25,250吨。西古德伯地区的木材产量未按树种分类,仅有总产量数据。怀赫德估计其中至少50%是檀香紫檀。基于这一假定,至1916年结束的4年期内,木材和薪材的平均年产量分别为504吨和4,251吨。作为这片林地木材蓄积的进一步指标,为实施计划所作的准确立木计数表明,东古德伯丘陵地带檀香紫檀构成立木蓄积的10%以上,而这一树种在东、西古德伯地区分布总面积超过1,000平方英里。
-END-
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