摘要译文（供参考）
超声引导下颈浅神经丛阻滞治疗枕下开颅术后持续性疼痛：一项随机试验
背景：颈浅神经丛阻滞对减少开颅术后持续性疼痛的疗效尚不清楚，因此我们检验了术前超声引导下颈浅神经丛阻滞减少枕下开颅术后3个月持续性疼痛的主要假设。
方法：我们进行了一项单中心随机盲法平行组试验。将符合条件的枕下开颅手术患者随机分为颈浅神经丛阻滞组，用0.5%罗哌卡因10ml或相当量的生理盐水进行椎前筋膜浅层注射，主要结果是术后3个月持续疼痛发生率。
结果：从2021年11月至2023年8月，292例符合条件的患者被随机分配至罗哌卡因(n=146)或生理盐水(n=146)的阻滞组，参与患者的平均±SD年龄为45±12岁，手术持续时间为4.2±1.3小时。48例(34%)随机接受罗哌卡因治疗的患者报告术后3个月持续疼痛，而73例(51%)接受生理盐水治疗的患者报告术后3个月持续疼痛(相对风险0.66；95%CI，0.50-0.88；P=0.003)，53例(36%)随机接受罗哌卡因的患者与77例(53%)接受生理盐水的患者(相对风险0.69，95%CI，0.53-0.90；P=0.005)。
结论：颈浅神经丛阻滞可使从枕下开颅术恢复的患者中持续切口疼痛的发生率降低约三分之一。
原文摘要
Ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus blocks for persistent pain after suboccipital craniotomies: a randomized trial
Background: The efficacy of superficial cervical plexus blocks for reducing persistent pain after craniotomies remains unclear. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that preoperative ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus blocks reduce persistent pain 3 months after suboccipital craniotomies.
Methods: We conducted a single-center randomized and blinded parallel-group trial. Eligible patients having suboccipital craniotomies were randomly allocated to superficial cervical plexus blocks with 10 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine or a comparable amount of normal saline. Injections were into the superficial layer of prevertebral fascia. The primary outcome was the incidence of persistent pain three months after surgery.
Results: From Nov 2021 to August 2023, 292 qualifying patients were randomly allocated to blocks with ropivacaine (n=146) or saline (n=146). The average ± SD age of participating patients was 45±12 years and the duration of surgery was 4.2±1.3 hours. Persistent pain 3 months after surgery was reported by 48 (34%) of patients randomized to ropivacaine versus 73 (51%) in those assigned to saline (relative risk 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.88; P = 0.003) in the per-protocol population, and by 53 (36%) of patients randomized to ropivacaine versus 77 (53%) in those assigned to saline (relative risk 0.69, 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.90; P = 0.005) in the intention-to-treat population.
Conclusion: Superficial cervical plexus blocks reduce the incidence of persistent incisional pain by about a third in patients recovering from suboccipital craniotomies.
