摘要译文（供参考）
口香糖治疗女性患者术后恶心呕吐：
一项多中心随机试验
👺背景：
全身麻醉后术后恶心呕吐（PONV）很常见，对患者预后、护理满意度和医疗成本都有影响。我们的目的是在麻醉后监护病房（PACU）中比较一种新的治疗方法——口香糖，与一种广泛使用的静脉药物——昂丹司琼，用于治疗女性患者的 PONV。
👺方法：
我们在澳大利亚和新西兰的 17 家医院进行了一项多中心、随机、对照非劣效性试验。纳入年龄≥12 岁、接受基于挥发性麻醉剂的全身麻醉进行腹腔镜或乳腺手术的女性患者。给予标准化的止吐预防措施。在 PACU 中出现 PONV 的患者被随机分配到咀嚼口香糖 15 分钟或静脉注射 4 毫克昂丹司琼。主要结局是恶心、干呕或呕吐停止，在随机干预（即完全缓解）后 2 小时内无复发且无需急救药物。
👺结果：
在 865 名入组患者中，218 名被随机分配。在符合方案分析中，105 名接受昂丹司琼治疗的患者中有 50 名（47.6%），而 103 名接受口香糖治疗的患者中有 31 名（30.1%）达到了主要结局（绝对风险差异[95%置信区间（CI）]-17.3[-30.4 至-4.3]%），未达到我们预先指定的非劣效性界限。随机分配到口香糖组的患者达到完全缓解的时间更长（风险比[95%CI]0.53[0.34,0.83]），并且他们在术后 24 小时内更有可能接受止吐药（绝对风险差异[95%CI]14.07[1.65,26.49]）。
👺结论：
对于接受了止吐预防措施的女性患者，不建议将口香糖作为昂丹司琼的替代药物用于治疗 PONV。
原文摘要
Chewing gum to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients:
a multicenter randomized trial
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after general anesthesia, with consequences for patient outcomes, satisfaction with care and healthcare costs. Our aim was to compare a new treatment, chewing gum, with a widely-used intravenous agent, ondansetron, to treat PONV in female patients in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU).
Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial in 17 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Female patients aged ≥12 years undergoing volatile anesthetic-based general anesthesia for laparoscopic or breast surgery were enrolled. Protocolized anti-emetic prophylaxis was administered. Patients who developed PONV in the PACU were randomized to either 15 min of chewing gum or 4 mg of intravenous ondansetron. The primary outcome was cessation of nausea, retching or vomiting, with no recurrence nor rescue medication for 2 h after administration of the randomized intervention (i.e., complete response).
Results: Of 865 enrolled patients, 218 were randomized. In a per-protocol analysis, 50 of 105 (47.6%) ondansetron-treated patients compared with 31 of 103 (30.1%) chewing gum-treated patients achieved the primary outcome (absolute risk difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] -17.3 [-30.4 to -4.3] %), not reaching our prespecified non-inferiority limit. Time to complete response was longer for patients randomized to chewing gum (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.53 [0.34, 0.83]), and they were more likely to receive antiemetics in the 24 h after surgery (absolute risk difference [95% CI] 14.07 [1.65, 26.49]).
Conclusions: Chewing gum cannot be recommended as an alternative to ondansetron for treatment of PONV in female patients administered antiemetic prophylaxis.
