摘要译文（供参考）
新生儿导管相关性颈内静脉血栓形成及其长期后果：一项前瞻性队列研究
背景：
中心静脉导管相关血栓的发生率以及血栓对新生儿留置导管的静脉的长期影响尚不清楚。因此，我们确定了中心静脉血栓形成的发生率，确定了相关的风险因素，并评估了6个月时的结局。
方法：
我们入组了年龄小于28天的计划进行重大肠道或心脏手术的新生儿，我们预计这些新生儿需要中心静脉导管至少48小时。由麻醉师确定导管尺寸、插入方法和穿刺部位，并根据临床需要确定导管插入时间。在取出导管后48小时内通过彩色多普勒超声成像诊断中心静脉血栓；结果未与临床医生共享。出院后1、3、6个月复查超声检查。
结果：
我们入选了188例2年以上的新生儿，中位置管时间为12天。128例(68%)新生儿在导管部位出现中心静脉血栓，均无症状。在血栓患者中，出院后6个月时29例(23%)发生完全血管闭塞，5例(4%)发生静脉狭窄。因此，73%的新生儿在6个月时血栓自行消退。CVC/静脉直径比、导管插入时间和导管功能障碍是血管血栓的独立危险因素。在最初评估时血栓占血管58%以上的患者中，血管完全闭塞最常见。
结论：
隐匿性中心静脉血栓形成在有中心静脉导管的新生儿中是常见的，并且并发症在有大血管内血栓的患者中是最常见的。应随访伴有较大血管内血栓的新生儿，并考虑抗凝治疗。
原文摘要
Catheter-related internal jugular vein thrombosis in neonates and long-term consequences: a prospective cohort study
Background: The incidence of central venous catheter-related thrombosis and the long-term effects of thrombosis on catheterized veins in neonates is unknown. We therefore determined the incidence of central venous thrombosis, identified associated risk factors, and evaluated outcomes at 6 months.
Methods: We enrolled neonates aged less than 28 days scheduled for major intestinal or cardiac surgery whom we expected to require central venous catheters for at least 48 hours. Catheter size, insertion method, and puncture site were determined by the attending anesthesiologist. The duration of catheterization was also determined by clinical need. Central venous thrombi were diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound imaging within 48 hours after catheter removal; results were not shared with clinicians. Ultrasound examinations were repeated 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge.
Results: We enrolled 188 neonates over 2 years. The median duration of catheter insertion was 12 days. 128 (68%) of the neonates had central venous thrombi at the catheter site, all of which were asymptomatic. Among patients with thrombi, 29 (23%) had complete vessel occlusion and 5 (4%) had venous stenosis at 6 months after discharge. Thrombi therefore spontaneously resolved by 6 months in 73% of the neonates. CVC/vein diameter ratio, duration of catheterization, and catheter dysfunction were independent risk factors for vessel thrombus. Complete vessel occlusion was most common in patients whose thrombus occupied more than 58% of the vessel at the initial assessment.
Conclusions: Covert central venous thrombosis is frequent in neonates who have central venous catheters, and complications are most common in patients who have large intravascular thrombi. Neonates with large intravascular thrombi should be followed, and considered for anticoagulation.
