湖北的5座国家历史文化名城，你去过几个？

目前，湖北省已经有五座国家历史文化名城，分别为荆州、武汉、襄阳、随州、钟祥。这些城市的名字，是荆楚大地历史文化的标签，它们是古老文化的摇篮，是民族精神的栖息地。在这里，历史与现实交织，传统与现代碰撞，共同谱写出一曲动人心弦的文化之歌。

Currently, Hubei Province is home to five national historical and cultural cities, namely Jingzhou, Wuhan, Xiangyang, Suizhou, and Zhongxiang. The names of these cities are the labels of the rich historical and cultural heritage of the Jingchu Land. They are cradles of ancient culture and habitat to the national spirit. Here, history intertwines with reality and tradition collides with modernity, together composing a moving and melodious cultural song.

荆州古城 图/荆楚网

荆州，位于湖北省中部偏南，地处长江中游，江汉平原西部，南临长江，北依汉水，西控巴蜀，南通湘粤，又称江陵。从春秋战国到五代十国，先后有34代帝王在此建都，历时515年。

Jingzhou, also known as Jiangling, is located in the south-central Hubei Province and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, west of Jianghan Plain, facing the Yangtze River to the south, bordering the Hanshui River to the north, strategically holding Sichuan Province to the west, and connecting Hunan and Guangdong Province to the south. From the Spring and Autumn Period (770 B.C.—476 B.C.) and Warring State Period (476 B.C.—220 B.C.) to the Five Dynasties and Ten States Period (907 A.D.—979 A.D.), 34 emperors had their capitals here for 515 years. 

荆州古城 图/荆州文旅之声

楚王车马阵 图/荆州文旅之声

春秋战国时曾为楚都城，秦置南郡，汉置江陵，唐为江陵府，明、清为荆州府治所，是我国历史上的名城重镇。江陵地理位置重要，水陆交通方便，三国时诸葛亮称它“北据汉沔，利尽南海，东连吴会，西通巴蜀”，为历代兵家必争之地。

As the capital of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, Jingzhou has been an important strategic city since ancient times. Jingzhou was established as Nanzhou Prefecture in the Qin Dynasty. In Han Dynasty it was Jiangling County. In Tang Dynasty it was established as Jiangling Prefecture. In Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Jingzhou was the seat of Jingzhou Prefecture. For the advantageous geographic location and convenient land-and-water transportation, it has always been a town of great military importance. 

张居正故居 图/荆州古城历史文化旅游区

宾阳楼 图/荆州文旅之声

江陵（现荆州）气候温和，物产丰富，经济发达，是长江流域的重要商业城市。荆州城内的文物古迹很多，著名的有楚纪南故城遗址、八岭山古墓群、明代城垣，以及玄妙观、太晖观等古建筑。1982年2月被国务院公布为第一批国家历史文化名城。

Jiangling(Jingzhou) is abundant in natural resources and enjoys a mild climate. With prosperous economy, Jiangling is an important commercial city in the Yangtze River Basin. There are a lot of antiques and historic sites in Jingzhou, such as the famous Site of Chujinan City, the Ancient Tombs at Baling Hill, the City Wall of Ming Dynasty, and ancient architectures such as Xuanmiao Taoist Temple and Taihui Taoist Temple. Jingzhou was among the first list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in February 1982.

图/陈威霖

武汉，位于湖北江汉平原东部，长江中游，别称江城。市区由隔长江和汉水鼎立的武昌、汉口、汉阳三镇组成。龟山和蛇山雄踞大江南北，其形状使武汉成为长江中游的咽喉，南北交通的枢纽，素有“九省通衢”之称。

Wuhan, known as Jiangcheng (River City), is located in the east of Jianghan Plain, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River and its largest tributary Hanshui River meet in Wuhan and cut the city into three parts, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, namely “Three towns of Wuhan”. Turtle Hill and Snake Hill bestride on both sides of the Yangtze River, whose shape makes Wuhan the throat of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the transportation hub between the north and the south, enjoying the fame of “Thoroughfare of Nine Provinces.” 

武汉历史悠久，自商周、春秋、战国以来即为重要的古城镇，盘龙城为中国最古老的城市之一。宋、元、明、清以来就是全国重要名镇。

With its longstanding history, Wuhan has been an important city since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period. Panlong City is one of the oldest cities in China. And it has been a major city of China since Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. 

辛亥革命武昌起义纪念馆 图/新华社记者 程敏 摄

武汉还是革命的城市。辛亥革命武昌起义、“二七”大罢工、“八七”会议等都发生在这里。现存的革命遗址、名胜古迹有武昌起义军政府旧址、二七罢工旧址、八七会议会址、向警予和施洋烈士墓及胜象宝塔、洪山宝塔、归元寺、黄鹤楼、东湖风景名胜区等。1986年12月被国务院公布为第二批国家历史文化名城。

襄阳古城 图/襄阳文化旅游

襄阳，位于湖北省西北部，汉水中游。为中国历史最悠久的地区之一。远在60万年前，人类已在此繁衍生息。襄阳以地处襄水（今南渠）之阳而得名。襄阳筑城于汉初。

Xiangyang, is located in the northwest of Hubei Province and the middle reaches of Han River. It is one of areas with the longest history in China because human beings have been living here since 600,000 years ago. Xiangyang got the name because it is located in the north bank (Yang) of Xiang River (now called Nanqu). Xiangyang City was first built in the early Han Dynasty. 

襄阳盛世唐城 图/襄阳发布

图/新华网

自东汉献帝初平元年（190年）荆州牧刘表徙治襄阳始，襄阳历来为府、道、州、路、县治所。襄阳交通发达，自古即为交通要辏，素有“南襄隘道”“南船北马”“七省通衢”之称，历来为南北通商和文化交流的通道。

Since the official Liu Biao started to administrate Xiangyang in 190 A.D., Xiangyang has been a administrative seat of all levels of administrative districts. Xiangyang has been a traffic hub since ancient times for its well developed transportation system. Known as “The Strategic Passage of North and South” and “A Thoroughfare of Seven Provinces”, Xiangyang has always been a passageway for north-south trading and cultural exchanges. 

古隆中 图/襄阳文化旅游

岘山国家森林公园 图/Wuhooo哦嚯 

襄阳文物资源丰富，园林较多，城西的隆中山为“三顾茅庐”“隆中对”的发生地，现有邓城、鹿门寺、夫人城、隆中诸葛亮故居、多宝佛塔、绿影壁、米公祠、杜甫墓、习家池等胜迹。1986年12月被国务院公布为第二批国家历史文化名城。

Xiangyang is rich in cultural relics and gardens. For example, Mountain Longzhong in the west of the city is the place where old tales about the “Three Visits to the Hut” and “Long Zhong Strategies” occurred. Other historical sites include Dengcheng City, Lumen Temple, Furen City, Zhuge Liang’s former residence in Long Zhong, Duobao Stupa, Lvying Wall, Mi's Ancestral Hall, Tomb of Dufu, and Xi's Pool. Xiangyang was among the second list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in December 1986.

图/随州日报

随州，位于江汉平原与中原之间的过渡丘陵带。是“西通宛洛，南达吴越，地当荆豫要冲，扼阻襄汉咽喉”的鄂北重镇。

Suizhou, is located in the hill transition zone between the Jianghan Plain and the Central Plain, Suizhou is an important city in the north of Huibei Province. 

图/随州大洪山风景名胜区

西周封为姬姓随国，春秋时其地域为随、厉、唐等国，战国末楚灭随，并厉、唐设置随县，秦汉因袭，隶属南阳郡。西魏时升随为州，唐、宋、元，明、清均置州，中华民国降州为县。现存名胜古迹有文峰塔、岁公桥（李公桥）、烈山神农洞遗址、烈山神农碑、陕西会馆铁旗杆。

In the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 B.C.—771 B.C.), this place was canonized to Ji clan and named Sui State. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the territory belonged to the Sui, Li, Tang and other states. At the end of Warring States Period, the Chu State demised the Sui State and combined Li and Tang into the Sui County. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, it inherited the former system which was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang Prefecture. In the Western Wei Dynasty, Sui was upgraded to prefecture, and the same was true in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became a county during the Republic of China period. The existing sites include Wenfeng Pagoda, Suigong Bridge (Li Gong Bridge), the Site of Shennong Cave and Shennong Monument in Mount Lie, and Iron Flagpole of Shaanxi Hall. 

图/随州市博物馆

图/随州文旅之声

古城保存有一段土筑城垣、汉东楼和护城河遗迹。城郊保存了大批古墓葬和古文化遗迹，其中著名的曾侯乙编钟等珍贵文物出土于城西郊的擂鼓墩。唐代李白、北宋欧阳修曾游居于此。

The ancient city has preserved a section of earthen city wall, Handong Tower, and the site of city moat. Large quantities of ancient tombs and ancient cultural relics in the suburbs were under good protection. For example, the famous Chime-bells from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State were unearthed at Leigudun in the western suburb of the city. The poet Li Bai (701—762) in Tang Dynasty and the Scholar Ouyang Xiu (1007—1072) in the Northern Song Dynasty traveled to this area. 

抗战时期，新四军第五师在随南九口堰建军。李先念等于此通电就职，保存有新四军五师司令部旧址。1994年1月4日被国务院公布为第三批国家历史文化名城。

During the Anti-Japanese War, the 5th Division of New Fourth Army was founded at Qiukouyan in the south of Suizhou, where Li Xiannian (a former revolutionist of the Communist Party of China) was inaugurated. Today, the site of the New Fourth Army Fifth Division Headquarters is under good preservation. Suizhou was among the third list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in January 4, 1994.

钟祥，位于湖北省中部，汉江中游，面积4488平方千米，人口105万人，是楚文化发祥地之一，有文字记载历史长达 2700多年，春秋战国时称郊郢，系楚国陪都， 明朝时是全国三大直辖府之一承天府所在地。

Zhongxiang is located in the central Hubei Province and the middle part of Han River, covering an area of 4,488 square kilometers, with a population of 10.5 million people. Zhongxiang is one of the birthplaces of the Chu culture with a recorded history of over 2,700 years. During the Warring States Period, Zhongxiang was called Jiaoying, as the alternative capital of Chu State. While in the Ming Dynasty, it was the seat of Chengtianfu province, which was one of the three provinces that were directly under the central Government. 

图/钟祥文旅

悠久的历史，孕育了光辉灿烂的楚文化，造就了楚辞文学家宋玉、楚歌舞艺术家莫愁女等一批在历史上产生深远影响的人物；明嘉靖皇帝曾发迹于此，构筑了全国最大的单体帝陵——显陵和气势恢弘的明代建筑群。

With a long history, Zhongxiang fostered the splendid Chu culture and created a number of figures who had a profound historical influence in history, such as literator Song Yu of Chu Ci and artist Mochounyu. In the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Jiajing rose to power and position here. He ordered workers to build the largest individual imperial mausoleum-Xianling Imperial Mausoleum and magnificent Ming style architectural complex. 

大口国家森林公园 图/钟祥文旅

黄仙洞 图/钟祥文旅

黄仙洞 图/荆门文旅

显陵，原名献陵，是明嘉靖皇帝的父亲朱佑杬、母亲蒋氏的合葬墓，是中南六省惟一的一座明代帝陵。旅游资源十分丰富，有国家级大洪山风景区，国家级大口森林公园等自然景观，特别是黄仙洞2万多平方米的喀斯特地貌为世界罕见。1994年1月4日被国务院公布为第三批国家历史文化名城。

Emperor Jiajing’s parents were buried in the Xianling Imperial Mausoleum, which is the only mausoleum of emperor in the six provinces of south-central China. In addition, Zhongxiang is abundant in tourism resources, such as the national-level Dahongshan scenic spot, and Dakou Forest Park. The Huangxian Cave covers a karst area over 20,000 square meters, which is exceptionally rare in the world. Zhongxiang was among the third list of national historical and cultural cities as published by the State Council in January 4, 1994.