目前，湖北省拥有四处世界遗产地，分别为武当山古建筑群、钟祥明显陵、唐崖土司城遗址、神农架。这些名字，是荆楚大地世界遗产的标识，它们是古老文明的见证者，是人类智慧的宝藏库。在这里，古老与新生交错，神秘与熟知对接，共同奏响一首震撼心灵的遗产之曲。
Currently, Hubei Province has four World Heritage sites, namely Ancient Architectural Complex in Wudang Mountains, Xianling Imperial Mausoleum, The Site of Tangya Tusi City, and Shennongjia. The names of these places are the signatures of the World Heritage sites in Jingchu land. They are witnesses to ancient civilizations and treasure troves of human wisdom. Here, the old and new intertwine, the mysterious and familiar converge, and together they compose a soul-stirring heritage symphony.
图/荆楚网
武当山古建筑群，位于湖北省丹江口市武当山风景区内， 始建于唐贞观年间（627—649年），宋、元时进行规模建筑。明代早期，明成祖朱棣为鼓吹“君权神授”，将武当山道场辟为皇室家庙，永乐十年（1412年），朱棣派遣隆平侯张信、驸马都尉沐昕、工部侍郎郭进等 500多名官员为钦差，率领军民工匠20万人，历时12年，建成8宫、2观、3 6庵堂、7 2岩庙等 33组建筑群，总建筑面积达160万平方米。
Ancient Architectural Complex in Wudang Mountains is located at the Mount Wudang Scenic Area in Danjiangkou City of Hubei Province and was built in the Tang Dynasty (627—649) and expanded on a large scale during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the early Ming Dynasty, Emperor Yongle advocated “the divine right of emperor”, and developed the Mount Wudang Taoist place into a royal temple. In 1412, Emperor Zhudi dispatched Marquis Zhangxin, his son-in-law Mu Xin, the assistant minister of Ministry of Works Guo Jin, and more than 500 officials as imperial envoys. More than 200,000 labors were mobilized and it took 12 years to finish the entire project which included 8 palaces, 2 Taoist temples, 36 Buddhist nunneries, 72 Rock Temples and other buildings which were scattered at 33 places, covering an area of 1.6 million square meters.
图/十堰文旅
图/刘扬舟
明嘉靖年间又大规模维修和扩建。明代200多年间，每一位新皇帝登基都照例对武当山许以各种特权，并直接委派内臣代表皇帝对武当山进行管理，使武当山古建筑群保存完好，成为天下第一。
Extensive maintenance and expansion were carried out again during Emperor JiaJing’s reign (1507—1567). During the 200 years of Ming Dynasty, every emperor who ascended the throne would routinely grant various privileges to Mount Wudang and appoint ministers directly to manage Mount Wudang on behalf of the emperor. Therefore, the ancient architectural complex of Mount Wudang was well preserved and became the best in the world.
图/湖北文旅小红书
图/汪传树
明末清初，部分建筑毁于战乱。武当山古建筑群现存较完好的古建筑129处，建筑面积 5万平方米，占地面积100多万平方米。
Despite that some of the buildings were destroyed in the war in the late Ming and early Qing periods, there are well-preserved 129 buildings with a building area of 50,000 square meters, covering an area of 100 million square meters.
金殿 图/刘扬舟
紫霄宫 图/荆楚网
玉虚宫 图/湖北文旅小红书
著名的建筑有金殿、太和宫、南岩宫、紫霄宫、复真观、玄岳门等，重要的建筑遗址有玉虚宫遗址、五龙宫遗址等。其中，金殿、南岩宫、紫霄宫、玄岳门、玉虚宫遗址为全国重点文物保护单位。1994年，武当山古建筑群被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产名录”。
Famous buildings including the Golden Palace, Taihe Palace, Nanyan Palace, Zixiao Palace, Fuzhen Taoist Temple, Xuanyue Gate and more, while important architectural sites include the site of Yuxu Palace and the site of Wulong Palace and more. Among them, the sites of Golden Temple, Nanyan Palace, Zixiao Palace, Xuanyue Gate and Yuxu Palace are approved as Key Cultural Relics Site Under the State Protection. Ancient building complex in Wudang Mountains are listed in the World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 1994.
图/钟祥文旅
钟祥明显陵，位于湖北省钟祥市郢中街道办事处皇城村松林山，为明代皇陵。中心地理坐标：东经112°37′50"～112°38′09"，北纬31°12′20"～31°13′00"。陵区面积约50万平方米。为明世宗嘉靖皇帝生父朱佑杬和生母蒋氏的合葬墓。
Xianling Imperial Mausoleum is located in Songlin Mountain, Huangcheng Village, Yingzhong Subdistrict Office, Zhongxiang City. The central geographical coordinates is Situated 112°37′50″～112°38′09″ east longitude and 31°12′20″～31°13′00″ north latitude, covering an area of about 500,000 square meters. The Xianling Imperial Mausoleum is a bisomum of Emperor Jiajing’s parents.
明显陵 图/钟祥文旅
图/钟祥文旅
显陵平面呈金瓶形状，布局按帝制“三朝两宫”式和“天子五门”制式排列；四周环黄瓦朱墙，墙高6.5米，厚1.9米，周长4730米。
With the golden-vase-shape, the layout was designed by monarchical standard of“Three Halls and Two Palaces”and“Five Gates for Emperor” with red walls and yellow tiles. The wall is 6.5 meters high, 1.9 meters thick and the circumference is 4730 meters.
图/钟祥文旅
图/廖志俊
逻城内陵墓建筑平面布局按中轴线排列，依次为新红门、大红门、碑亭、华表、神道、石象生、棂星门、神龙道、内明塘、棱恩门、棱恩殿、二柱门、十五供、方城、宝城，九曲河蜿蜒其间，河上以五道御桥相连。
The building layout in mausoleum was arranged according to the central axis as follows: Xinhong Gate, Dahong Gate, Beiting, Chinese Totem Pillar, Shendao, Stone Animal, Lingxing Gate, Dragon Road, Neiming Pond, Lengen Gate, Lengen Hall, Erzhu Gate, Shiwugong, Fang City, Bao City. Crossed over by nine winding rivers, the mausoleum is connected by five bridges.
图/钟祥文旅
宝城共两座，平面呈“8”字形。两座宝城上共有向外悬挑的散水螭首16个，设计精巧，为独特的排水系统。1988年被国务院公布为第三批全国重点文物保护单位。2000年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
There are 16 cantilevered heads of dragon, which formed the unique drainage system. In 1988, the Xianling Imperial Mausoleum was announced to be among the third list of national key cultural relic protection units by the State Council, and listed as a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO in 2000.
图/咸丰发布
唐崖土司城遗址，位于湖北省咸丰县尖山乡东3千米处，是湘鄂川黔少数民族地区最典型遗址。该遗址始建于元朝至正六年（公元1346年），明启初年（公元1621年）进行扩建，历时470余年。鼎盛时期的唐崖“帅府”，规模宏大，气势恢弘，占地57．75万平方米，拥有3街、18巷、36院，建有衙署、官言堂、大小衙门、存钱库、牢房、书院、靶场、左右营房、御花园、万兽园等设施。
The Site of Tangya Tusi City is located 3 kilometers east of Jianshan Township, Xianfeng County, Hubei Province. It is the most typical site in the ethnic minority areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. The site was built in the 6th year of Zhizheng in Yuan Dynasty (1346 A.D.), and was expanded in the early Ming Dynasty (1621 A.D.), which lasted for more than 470 years. Tangya “Marshal Palace" boasted a grand scale and was magnificent in the heyday. It covered an area of 577,500 square meters and accommodated 3 streets, 18 lanes and 36 courtyards, along with government offices of different sizes, vault, cells, schools, shooting range, and barracks on both sides, Royal Garden, Wanshou Garden and other facilities.
图/咸丰发布
在土司城内外还修建有大填寺堂、桓侯庙、玄武庙等寺院。清雍正十三年改土归流，废唐崖司。现在土司城遗城保存最为完整的石牌坊，是明朝天启三年（公元1623年）修建的，正面刻着“荆南雄镇”，反面刻着“楚蜀屏翰”，两面镌有“土王出巡”“渔南耕读”“云吞雨雾”“哪咤闹海”“槐荫送子”等浮雕图案。
In the Tusi City, there are also temples such as Datianshi Temple, Huanhou Temple and Xuanwu Temple. In the 13th year of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, with the implementation of bureaucratization of native officers, and the Tangya Si was abolished. The most complete stone memorial archway preserved at the site of Tusi City was built in the 3rd year of Tianqi in the Ming Dynasty (1623 A.D.), engraved with characters "Jingnan Xiongzhen" on the front and "Chuyu Pinghan" on the opposite side. There are also relief patterns engraved showing stories of “King's tour”, “Rural education”, ”Clouds and misty rain“， “Nezha in the sea”, and “Huaiyin Songzi”.
图/唐崖土司遗址景区
牌楼正面的唐崖河畔，存有石倌、石马各两尊，石人仪态庄严肃穆。土司城前临唐崖河，后傍玄武山，地势险要，风光独具。自改土归流260余年来，虽几经兵燹，又遭“文革”浩劫，但至今街道墙垣仍清晰可辨，部分建筑尚保存完好，是湘、鄂、川、黔边少数民族地区最典型、规模最大、保存最完整的一处唐崖土司城遗址。
On the bank of the Tangya River in front of the archway, there are two stone herdsmen and two stone horses. The stone men are in a solemn and awe-inspiring manner. The Tusi City is adjacent to the Tangya River, leaning on Xuanwu Mountain. The terrain is dangerous and the scenery is unique. Since the bureaucratization of native officers for more than 260 years, although it has been shackled by the "Cultural Revolution", the street walls are still clearly identifiable, and some buildings are still well preserved. It is the most typical, the largest and best preserved site in the ethnic minority areas in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou.
夫妻杉 图/唐崖土司遗址景区
司城内外，遍布人文景观，最主要的有石人、石马、石牌坊等大型石雕，土王墓葬及古墓葬群、夫妻杉、妃子泉等数十处景点。2015年7月4日在德国波恩召开的第39届世界遗产大会上，联合申报的湖南永顺老司城遗址、湖北恩施唐崖土司城遗址、贵州遵义海龙屯土司遗址获准列入《世界遗产名录》,成为世界文化遗产。这三处遗址均是土司制度鼎盛时期的遗存。
Inside and outside the city, there are all kinds of cultural landscapes. The main ones are stone sculptures, stone horses, stone arches and other large stone sculptures, tomb of Tuwang and ancient tombs, Couple’s Cedar and Concubine's Spring and dozens of attractions. At the 39th World Heritage Conference held in Bonn, Germany on July 4, 2015, the site of Laosi City in Yongshun, Hunan, the site of Tangya Tusi City in Enshi, Hubei, and the site of the Hailongtun Tusi in Zunyi, Guizhou were approved to be listed as World Cultural Heritage sites. These three sites are the remains of the Tusi system during the heyday.
图/新华网
神农架，中国中部最大的原始森林和国家级自然保护区。位于湖北、陕西、重庆三省市的边界。南濒长江，北望武当山，是大巴山脉和秦岭山脉交接的地方，亦是我国南部亚热带向北部温带过渡的地带。全区面积达3250平方千米。
Shennongjia is the largest virgin forest and National Nature Reserve in Central China. Bordering Hubei, Shaanxi and Chongqing, facing the Yangtze River in the south and the Mount Wudang in the north, it is where Daba Mountains and Qinling Mountains meet, and also the transition zone from China’s southern subtropics to northern temperate zone, covering an area of 3,250 square kilometers.
图/万忠医
图/叶恒
图/神农架文化和旅游局
主峰大神农架高达3105.4米。区内林密谷深，完好保存着洪荒时代的风光，动植物资源极其丰富。神农架现存有1000余种树种，570种野生动物，其中还有少见的白化动物如白熊、白蛇、白鹿、白猴，因此被誉为“华中林海”和“天然动植物园”。
The Shennongjia Peak is 3,105.4 meters above sea level. With dense forests and deep valleys, the scenery of primitive times is still well-preserved. Therefore, the Shennongjia Reserve abounds in fauna and flora resources. There are more than 1,000 species of trees and 570 kinds of wild animals including rare albino species, such as white bear, white snake, white deer, white monkey, and is therefore hailed as the “forest sea in central China” and “natural botanical garden.”
图/神农架新闻
图/神农架文旅
图/陈明
相传这里曾是远古时代神农氏（炎帝）定居耕田，遍尝百草，采药治病的地方。因山高壁陡，神通广大的神农氏也只好搭架而上，因此得名“神农架”。这里旅游资源丰富：雄峰幽谷，色彩神秘，引人探胜；珍稀动物，花海药园，无与伦比；奇洞怪石，飞瀑流云，美不胜收。主要景点有板壁岩、大九湖、小当阳、香溪源、燕子垭等。特产有中草药、根雕、香菇、野生蜂蜜、核桃、绞股蓝等。
legend has it that this area was the place where Shennong (Emperor Yan) settled down, did farming, tasted hundreds of herbs, gathered herbs and treated patients in ancient times. Because of high mountains and steep walls, the omnipotent Shennong also had to build a frame to climb on, hence comes the name “Shennong Jia (frame)”. Here is also rich in tourism resources: the majestic peaks and deep valleys are full of mysterious colors; rare animals and beautiful flowers and herbs; spectacular caves and fantastic rocks and wonderful waterfalls. The main attractions are Banbi Rock, Dajiu Lake, Xiaodangyang, Xiangxiyuan, and Yanziya. Local specialties include herbs, root carvings, mushrooms, wild honey, walnuts, gynostemma and more.
图/神农架旅游
1990年，神农架被联合国教科文组织列为国际“人与生物圈保护区网”成员单位；1995年被世界自然基金会定为“生物多样性保护示范点”。2013年，湖北神农架国家地质公园被正式列入联合国教科文组织世界地质公园名录。2016年7月17日，在联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会第40届会议上，湖北神农架获“世界自然遗产地”称号。至此，湖北神农架也成为中国首个获得联合国教科文组织人和生物圈保护区、世界地质公园、世界遗产三大保护制度共同录入的“三冠王”名录遗产地。
Shennongjia nature reserve was listed as a member of the World’s Protection Circle of Human and Animals by UNESCO in 1990, and was approved by the World Wildlife Fund in 1995 to be the Model of Biodiversity Protection. In 2013, Hubei Shennongjia National Geological Park was officially listed in the UNESCO World Geoparks Directory. On July 17, 2016, at the 40th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, Hubei Shennongjia was awarded the title of “World Natural Heritage Site”. At this point, Hubei Shennongjia has also become the first “triple-crowned” listed heritage site in China that has been jointly registered by the UNESCO Human and Biosphere Reserve, the World Geopark and the World Heritage.
编辑/楚小游
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