Meals on board an airliner are an entire industry and even a special kind of culinary art. It is proved that at an altitude of 10 thousand meters the taste of most products varies significantly. Therefore, cooks who invent and prepare dishes should take this factor into account, as well as show imagination and skill in menu development, so that passengers not only feel the taste of food, but are also satisfied.
客机上的餐饮是一个完整的行业，甚至是一种特殊的烹饪艺术。事实证明，在海拔 1 万米的高空，大多数产品的口味都有很大差异。因此，发明和准备菜肴的厨师需要考虑到这一因素，并在菜单开发中表现出想象力和技巧，这样乘客不仅能感受到食物的味道，还能得到满足。
As a rule, when ordering a private plane, the traveler can express any wishes regarding the preparation of the onboard menu, including orders for food and drinks from the best restaurants in the city, diet food and many other options. However, in the event that the customer did not give any direct instructions regarding the volume and composition of the menu, the flight organizers compile it themselves, guided by some generally accepted standards.
一般来说，在订购私人行程时，旅客可以就机上菜单的准备表达任何意愿，包括从城市最好的餐馆订购食品和饮料、减肥食品和许多其他选择。不过，如果旅客没有就菜单的数量和构成给出任何直接指示，航班组织者会根据一些公认的标准自行编制菜单。
The principles of making an onboard menu for passengers are completely different than, for example, when developing a menu for crews of the same vessel. Here, much will depend on the preferences expressed by travelers when ordering a charter flight, or on food traditions characteristic of the region from which the flight departs. But the specialist always has the opportunity to adjust the menu selection in such a way as to make the trip as comfortable and stressless as possible.
为乘客制定机上菜单的原则与为同一艘船的船员制定菜单的原则完全不同。在这里，很大程度上取决于旅客在订购包机时所表达的喜好，或航班出发地的饮食传统。但是，旅客总是有机会调整菜单选择，使旅行尽可能舒适和轻松。
What are the general principles of the on-board menu?
机载菜单的一般原则是什么？
When choosing in-flight catering in business aviation, especially during long-haul flights, you must first find out: how do passengers plan to use the time they spent on board? Are they going to devote it to relaxation and rest or work? In addition, an important factor is - is their active intellectual activity, such as participation in business meetings, awaiting them immediately upon arrival at their destination?
在选择公务航空机上餐饮时，尤其是在长途飞行期间，必须首先弄清楚：乘客打算如何利用他们在飞机上的时间？是用来放松休息还是工作？此外，一个重要的因素是--他们是否会在抵达目的地后立即进行积极的智力活动，如参加商务会议？
The correct choice of products in such cases will allow you to keep your mind alive and working even after a long flight. The change of time zones, the time of departure and arrival should be taken into account in order to properly distribute the amount of food between the conditional "breakfast" or "dinner" on board.
在这种情况下，正确选择食品将使您在长途飞行后仍能保持头脑清醒。应考虑到时区的变化、出发和到达的时间，以便在机上有条件的 “早餐 ”或 “晚餐 ”之间合理分配食物量。
How do food choices affect brain activity?
食物选择如何影响大脑活动？
If there is a night flight, during which most passengers prefer to sleep, a dense, high-carb dinner with a side dish of pasta, pancakes, and fritters will contribute to a more sound sleep. If the destination is close enough and travelers need to maintain maximum clarity of mind, or they are going to work during the flight, it is better to offer them high protein foods.
如果是夜间航班，大多数旅客都喜欢睡觉，那么晚餐中的高密度、高碳水化合物以及意大利面、煎饼和油条等配菜将有助于旅客睡得更香。如果目的地很近，旅客需要最大限度地保持头脑清醒，或者他们要在飞行期间工作，那么最好为他们提供高蛋白食物。
At the same time, it is necessary to find out in advance if the customer has any allergies or medical restrictions on any types of products, religious or cultural preferences.
同时，有必要事先了解旅客是否对任何类型的产品、宗教或文化偏好有任何过敏或医疗限制。
A variety of sauces and other additions to food is served in such a way that they fit in a forced confined space, do not fall from a small table and do not interfere with eating. In a word, the size of a portion of onboard power must be sufficient to maintain the energy balance, but not excessive, so as not to put an effect on the passenger to sleep.
各种调味汁和其他食物添加剂的供应方式，要使它们适合在一个被迫封闭的空间里，不会从小桌子上掉下来，也不会影响进食。总之，一份机上电力的大小必须足以维持能量平衡，但又不能过多，以免影响乘客睡眠。
How important is the packaging?
包装有多重要？
During the trip, the opportunity to order food in one way or another package is often the decisive factor in the preparation of the onboard menu. Different business jets have different cooking facilities, and if a galley is likely to be equipped with a variety of cooking devices on a large plane, small, light business jets do not always have equipment for long-term storage or for heating food. . Therefore, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the size of the galley, the presence of a refrigerator, a microwave oven, some other devices for cooking and heating food. Many charter operators seek to have a stock of standard aviation containers for products in order to receive ordered food from restaurants or catering factories and to heat them in standard on-board furnaces. If the opportunities for cooking are minimal, you will have to be content with canned food and vacuum-packed food that does not require heating.
在旅途中，以这种或那种打包方式点餐的机会往往是准备机上菜单的决定性因素。不同的公务机有不同的烹饪设备，如果说大型飞机的厨房可能配备有各种烹饪设备，那么小型、轻型公务机则不一定有长期储存或加热食物的设备。因此，有必要考虑厨房的大小、是否有冰箱、微波炉以及其他一些烹饪和加热食物的设备等因素。许多包机运营商都希望备有标准的航空产品容器，以便接收餐厅或餐饮工厂订购的食品，并用标准的机上炉子加热。如果烹饪的机会很少，就只能满足于罐装食品和真空包装食品，这些食品不需要加热。
What are the priorities when choosing drinks?
选择饮料时的优先事项是什么？
Natural fruit juices often contain too much sugar, so they can adversely affect the condition of some passengers. It is also not recommended to use carbonated and artificial juice-containing drinks: sweeteners and other chemicals used in their manufacture can stimulate the feeling of hunger. Drinking alcohol in flight can be dangerous: at the altitude at which business jets fly, the effect of alcohol on the human body increases, so it is recommended to be very careful if you decide to drink on board and reduce your usual portion. Experts recommend: for optimal maintenance of water balance in the body, ordinary water is best suited in flight. Or tea with a little sugar and milk.
天然果汁通常含有过多的糖分，因此会对某些乘客的身体状况产生不利影响。此外，也不建议使用碳酸饮料和人工果汁饮料：生产过程中使用的甜味剂和其他化学物质会刺激饥饿感。飞行中饮酒可能会有危险：在公务机飞行的高度，酒精对人体的影响会增加，因此如果您决定在飞机上饮酒，建议要非常小心，减少平时的饮酒量。专家建议：为了最佳地维持体内水分平衡，飞行中最适合饮用普通白开水。或者加点糖和牛奶的茶。
What set of products will help avoid fatigue from a flight?
什么样的产品有助于避免飞行疲劳？
To support the general tone of the airline passengers will help foods rich in protein and with a small amount of sugar. To replenish the vital energy, muesli, nuts, and lean beef are recommended. It is better to avoid too sweet and fatty foods: it requires great body efforts during digestion and assimilation, therefore it leads to drowsiness. For example, high-fat potato chips are better replaced with healthier options from beets or other vegetables. A good idea would be to focus on simple, traditional dishes: water, tea, fresh vegetable salads, fish, and avoid eating highly processed foods like sweet soda, cookies.
富含蛋白质和少量糖分的食物有助于改善乘客的气色。为了补充能量，建议食用麦片、坚果和瘦牛肉。最好不要吃太甜和太油腻的食物：这类食物在消化和同化过程中需要人体付出很大的努力，因此会导致昏昏欲睡。例如，高脂肪薯片最好换成甜菜或其他蔬菜制成的健康食品。好的办法是以简单、传统的菜肴为主：水、茶、新鲜蔬菜沙拉、鱼，避免食用甜苏打水、饼干等高度加工食品。
How do cultural traditions influence dinners?
文化传统如何影响晚餐？
Passengers from different countries order portions of food of various sizes. For example, people in North America prefer larger portions than Europeans or Asians. There are differences in the ways of serving meals, and in table etiquette. Thus, in some cultures it is required that all dishes be served on the table at the same time, while others prefer that several changes in dishes take place during lunch. Depending on national traditions, cutlery is also used - representatives of different countries can eat the same dish with a fork, spoon, chopsticks or hands.
来自不同国家的乘客会点不同份量的食物。例如，北美人比欧洲人或亚洲人更喜欢大份的食物。上菜方式和餐桌礼仪也存在差异。因此，在某些文化中，所有菜肴必须同时上桌，而另一些文化则喜欢在午餐期间多次更换菜肴。餐具的使用也取决于民族传统--不同国家的代表可以用叉子、勺子、筷子或手吃同一道菜。
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