阴谋论与虚假信息在网络空间肆意传播，仇恨情绪无限蔓延；这些非理性、情绪化、带有政治倾向且往往是虚假的“洪水般”的信息，客观上为这场冲突火上浇油，塑造了外界对于巴、以冲突的不实判断，并在加沙之外的地方激起愤怒乃至暴力，引发了关于深刻影响战事走向、可能点燃更广泛冲突的担忧。
联合国秘书长古特雷斯日前在一场新闻发布会上向各国媒体记者举例指出，他自己和联合国都沦为虚假和错误的恶意信息以及仇恨言论的受害者！
@联合国视频 | 古特雷斯讲述与自己相关的虚假信息的经历
我来举一个跟我相关的错误信息的例子。我多次听到同一个消息源说我“从未批评过哈马斯，从未谴责过哈马斯，是哈马斯的支持者”。
我请同事们做了一个统计。我谴责过哈马斯102次——其中51次是在正式演讲中，其他是在不同的社交平台上。所以，我想说，真相最终总会胜利。
加强信息完整性的五项原则
社会信任度和韧性 独立、自由和多元化的媒体 透明度与研究 公众赋权 健康的激励机制
○ 社会信任度和韧性
然而，尽管有表达自由的权利，包括自由、不受审查和不受阻碍的新闻或其他媒体的权利，新闻自由在世界各地面临着重大和持续的威胁。媒体工作者面临在线和离线骚扰、威胁和暴力，有时导致自我审查，增加了职业风险。
Unsplash/Maxime Valcarce
○ 健康的激励机制
行动呼吁与建议
○ 科技公司
大型科技公司，许多总部设在技术监管有限的地方，拥有巨大的权力。它们从大量收集到的用户行为数据中获利，从而能够塑造跨国信息流，控制全球范围内的数字体验。
为了纠正这种权力失衡，需要建立一个既重视透明度又重视独立监督的框架。用户有权控制自己的数据和在线体验，并有明确的投诉和补救渠道。需要建立问责机制，使技术公司对其产品和服务的设计和使用对人权和社会凝聚力（包括在危机和冲突局势中）造成的后果负责。
○ 广告商
广告商可以对信息生态系统的完整性施加单一的影响，帮助切断那些试图从虚假信息和仇恨中获利的人的经济动机。这样，广告商就能更好地保护自己的品牌，应对重大风险，在根据企业价值观开展业务的同时提高自己的底线。
○ 其他私营部门行为者
不直接涉及技术部门的更广泛的私营部门实体的行动也会影响信息空间，既削弱信息完整性，也支持信息完整性。企业有责任尊重人权，包括表达自由权和知情权，并可与其他利益攸关方结成合作伙伴关系，帮助实现更健康的信息生态系统。
○ 新闻媒体
独立、自由和多元化的媒体在向公众提供有关公共利益的信息、促进公民参与和推动当权者问责方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
然而，对媒体独立性、自由和多样性的直接和间接威胁，以及地方和公共利益新闻业的衰落，都会破坏这些重要职能。如果不严格遵守专业标准，新闻媒体就会损害信息的完整性。通过合乎道德的报道和编辑做法以及对透明度的承诺，并辅之以高质量的培训和工作条件，新闻记者提供了不可或缺的服务，并能在信息生态系统的完整性面临风险时帮助恢复平衡。
@ 联合国图片/Sylvain Liechti
○ 研究人员和民间社会
@ 联合国图片/Rick Bajornas
国家因其法律和监管权力、对公共资源的控制以及建立国内和国际联盟的能力等因素，在塑造信息空间方面发挥着核心作用。作为其人权义务的一部分，国家必须保护其领土和/或管辖范围内的人权不受企业侵犯，采取适当措施，通过有效的政策、立法、法规和裁决，预防、调查、惩罚和纠正此类侵权行为。
为确保所有国家都能为信息生态系统做出贡献并从中受益，需要采取紧急和持续的举措，提高各国扩大数字连通性的能力，积极预防可能出现的“人工智能鸿沟”，并在尊重人权的同时，加强各国充分应对信息空间风险的能力。最终，这些努力将加强信息的完整性，促进人权，并有助于实现可持续发展目标。
点击“阅读原文”
查看《联合国信息完整性全球原则》（中文版）
古特雷斯：信息完整性全球原则发布会现场
The spread of hatred and lies online is causing grave harm to our world.
Misinformation, disinformation and hate speech are fuelling prejudice and violence; exacerbating divisions and conflicts; demonizing minorities; and compromising the integrity of elections.
Today, I am pleased to present a starting point for solutions: the United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity.
These five principles – [societal] trust and resilience; independent, free, and pluralistic media; healthy incentives; transparency and research; and public empowerment – are based on an overriding vision of a more humane [information] ecosystem.
They call for an information environment that champions human rights and a sustainable future.
And they provide a solid foundation for sustainable, inclusive development, climate action, democracy, and peace.
Dear members of the media,
Threats to information integrity are not new, but they are proliferating and expanding with unprecedented speed on digital platforms, supercharged by AI technologies.
Science, facts, human rights, public health and climate action are under attack.
And when information integrity is targeted, so is democracy – which depends on a shared, fact-based perception of reality.
False narratives, distortions and lies breed cynicism, disbelief and disengagement. They undermine social cohesion, putting the Sustainable Development Goals further out of reach.
Opaque algorithms push people into information bubbles and reinforce prejudices including racism, misogyny and discrimination of all kinds.
Women, refugees, migrants, and minorities are common targets.
Activists, advocates, researchers, scientists, and leaders are harassed and humiliated.
The damage goes far beyond the digital realm, affecting billions of people who are not connected to the internet.
Lives are at stake when lies are spread about vaccines and other medical issues.
The United Nations’ own operations and missions are compromised, as our staff deal with a tsunami of falsehoods and absurd conspiracy theories.
Distinguished members of the media, dear friends,
The United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity are the result of broad consultations with Member States, with youth leaders, academia, civil society, the private sector including tech companies, and you – the media.
Those consultations showed that much of the world shares our deep concern and is searching for solutions.
The Global Principles lay out a clear path forward, firmly rooted in human rights, including the rights to freedom of expression and opinion.
I urge governments, the tech sector, and other stakeholders to listen to your people and your customers – and to respond.
Some stakeholders carry an outsized responsibility. For them, I have a clear message: We demand action.
First, to the big tech companies - take responsibility. Acknowledge the damage your products are inflicting on people and communities.
You have the power to mitigate harm to people and societies around the world.
You have the power to change business models that profit from disinformation and hate.
Second, to advertisers and the PR industry:
Stop monetizing harmful content.
Strengthen information integrity; protect your brand; boost your bottom line.
The climate crisis is a cause of particular concern. Coordinated disinformation campaigns are seeking to undermine climate action.
Creatives - don’t use your talents to greenwash.
PR agencies – look for clients who aren’t misleading people and destroying our planet.
Third, my message to media outlets is:
Raise and enforce editorial standards.
Do your part to safeguard our future by providing quality journalism based on facts and reality.
Find advertisers who are part of the solution, not the problem.
And finally, I say to governments:
Commit to creating and maintaining a free, viable, independent, and plural media landscape.
Guarantee strong protections for journalists.
Ensure regulations uphold human rights.
Refrain from drastic measures, including blanket internet shutdowns.
Respect the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
Let me be very clear:
Everyone should be able to express themselves freely without fear of attack.
Everyone should be able to access a range of views and information sources.
No one should be at the mercy of an algorithm they don’t control, which was not designed to safeguard their interests, and which tracks their behaviour to collect personal data and keep them hooked.
Dear members of the media,
These principles aim to empower people to demand their rights.
They support parents, anxious for their children.
Young people, whose future relies on information integrity.
Civil society and academia, who are pushing for change.
And public interest media, striving to convey reliable and accurate information.
The UN hears your calls for guidance and support.
Don’t lose heart – raise your voices.
Demand accountability; demand choice; demand control.
You are the majority. And this is a fight we can win – together.
Thank you.
责任编辑：程浩
实习编辑：张震威 刘薇
资料来源：联合国新闻
