国庆综述合集
国庆节即将到来，IJSNM编辑部为大家精选了15篇综述文章，研究内容涵盖多个前沿科技领域。其中包含了多位知名学者团队的高质量研究成果，如中国科学院北京纳米能源与系统研究所所长王中林院士、厦门大学卿新林教授、清华大学张一慧教授、中科院理化所刘静研究员、清华大学冯西桥教授、厦门大学侯旭教授等。欢迎大家阅读！
1
Recent progress in three-dimensional flexible physical sensors
Zhang, Fan, Tianqi Jin, Zhaoguo Xue, and Yihui Zhang
ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) functional systems are of rapidly growing interest over the past decade, from the perspective of both the fundamental and applied research. In particular, tremendous efforts have been devoted to the developments of 3D flexible, physical sensors, partly because of their substantial advantages over planar counterparts in many specific performances. In this review, we summarize recent advances in diverse categories of 3D flexible physical sensors, covering the photoelectric, mechanical, temperature, magnetic, and other physical sensors. This review mainly focuses on their design strategies, working principles and applications. Finally, we offer an outlook on the future developments, and provide perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities in this area.
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Figure 1. Summary of the review.
Figure 2. 3D photodetectors.
Figure 3. Bio-inspired vision imagers.
Figure 4. 3D mechanical sensors for force sensing.
Figure 5. 3D mechanical sensors for strain and modulus sensing.
Figure 6. 3D thermal, magnetic, and fluid-viscosity sensors.
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Zhang, F., Jin, T., Xue, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Recent progress in three-dimensional flexible physical sensors. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 13(1), 17–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2047827
2
Machine Learning Based Quantitative Damage Monitoring of Composite Structure
Qing, Xinlin, Yunlai Liao, Yihan Wang, Binqiang Chen, Fanghong Zhang, and Yishou Wang
ABSTRACT
Composite materials have been widely used in many industries due to their excellent mechanical properties. It is difficult to analyze the integrity and durability of composite structures because of their own characteristics and the complexity of load and environments. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on built-in sensor networks has been widely evaluated as a method to improve the safety and reliability of composite structures and reduce the operational cost. With the rapid development of machine learning, a large number of machine learning algorithms have been applied in many disciplines, and also are being applied in the field of SHM to avoid the limitations resulting from the need of physical models. In this paper, the damage monitoring technologies often used for composite structures are briefly outlined, and the applications of machine learning in damage monitoring of composite structures are concisely reviewed. Then, challenges and solutions for quantitative damage monitoring of composite structures based on machine learning are discussed, focusing on the complete acquisition of monitoring data, deep analysis of the correlation between sensor signal eigenvalues and composite structure states, and quantitative intelligent identification of composite delamination damage. Finally, the development trend of machine learning-based SHM for composite structures is discussed.
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Figure 1. SMART Layer and its integration with composite structures.
Figure 2. Expandable multifunctional sensor network.
Figure 3. Principle of damage monitoring technology based on ultrasonic guided wave.
Figure 4. Process for monitoring damage in composite structures using machine learning.
Figure 5. Process framework of machine learning in damage monitoring based on ultrasonic guided waves.
Figure 6. Typical applications of machine learning in damage monitoring based on ultrasonic guided waves.
Figure 7. Process framework of mahine learning in damage monitoring based on AE.
Figure 8. Typical applications of machine learning in damage monitoring based on AE.
Figure 9. Process framework of machine learning in damage monitoring based on vibration.
Figure 10. Typical applications of machine learning in damage monitoring based on structural vibration.
Figure 11. Process framework of machine learning in damage monitoring based on stress/strain measurement.
Figure 12. Typical applications of machine learning in damage monitoring based on strain/stress.
Figure 13. Multifunctional sensor network with active and passive sensing capabilities.
Figure 14. Completed acquisition of damage samples for composite structure.
Figure 15. Temperature compensation for damage monitoring of composite structures.
Figure 16. Conductance curve of a typical PZT mounted on the fuselage wall (a) the measured conductance signals, (b) the extracted real part curve of the DCMI signals.
Figure 17. Detected damage based on DI fusion and probability weighted imaging algorithm.
Figure 18. Intelligent representation of damage information and construction of deep integrated diagnosis models.
Figure 19. Damage diagnosis knowledge transfer and reuse mechanism for local monitoring device and cloud collaboration.
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Cite this article:
Qing, X., Liao, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, B., Zhang, F., & Wang, Y. (2022). Machine Learning Based Quantitative Damage Monitoring of Composite Structure. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 13(2), 167–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2054878
3
Recycling strategies for vitrimers
Zhang, Haochuan, Jingjing Cui, Guang Hu, and Biao Zhang
ABSTRACT
Vitrimer is a new type of material that combine the advantages of thermoplastic and thermoset materials. The rapid dynamic exchange reactions at high temperature allow the topology of cross-linked networks to change and rearrange while keeping material structures and properties intact. The concept of vitrimer has emerged to provide a viable strategy for the recycling of high-performance polymer materials, and lots of research works have been carried out for the development of various types of vitrimers. In addition, the recycling strategies for vitrimers are particularly important to determine the performance and potential applications of the recovered materials. Therefore, it is an innovative and valuable perspective to discuss vitrimer materials according to their different recycling strategies. In this review, we start with a brief overview of vitrimers, and then, focus on recycling strategies for vitrimers. Specifically, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the two different recycling strategies: physical and chemical recycling methods, and then explore the feasibility of upcycling vitrimers using 3D printing technology. Finally, the impact of recycling strategies on vitrimer materials and the prospects for maximizing the use of vitrimer materials are discussed.
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Figure 1. The macromolecular networks of thermoplastics, thermosets and vitrimers.
Figure 2. Two different viscoelastic behaviors of vitrimer materials.
Figure 3. A variety of common covalent exchange reactions enable recycling in vitrimers.
Figure 4 (for more info please read full article)
Figure 5. Injection and extrusion of vitrimers.
Figure 6. Chemical recycling of vitrimers.
Figure 7. Recycling of fiber-reinforced vitrimer-based composites.
Figure 8. Recycling vitrimers by direct ink writing (DIW).
Figure 9. Recycling vitrimers by digital light processing (DLP) based 3D printing.
Figure 10. Upcycling of vitrimers by 3D printing.
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Zhang, H., Cui, J., Hu, G., & Zhang, B. (2022). Recycling strategies for vitrimers. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 13(3), 367–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2087785
4
Size-dependent vibrations and waves in piezoelectric nanostructures: a literature review
Zhao, Zinan, Jun Zhu, and Weiqiu Chen
ABSTRACT
With the development and applications of nano-electro-mechanical systems, academic interest in the mechanical behavior of piezoelectric structures at nanoscale is increasing. Interesting unconventional phenomena have been observed either experimentally or through molecular dynamics simulation. The most common and also important one is the size-dependent characteristics. Classical continuum mechanics with necessary modifications has been proven to be very powerful in explaining these particular characteristics in a relatively simple theoretical framework. This article reviews the recent advances in understanding the size-dependent dynamic responses of piezoelectric nanostructures from the viewpoint of modified continuum mechanics. Particular attentions are paid to three advanced theories of piezoelectricity (e.g. gradient piezoelectricity, surface piezoelectricity, and nonlocal piezoelectricity) and their abilities to predict unconventional vibration and wave characteristics in piezoelectric structures and devices at the nanoscale. The article could serve as a useful reference for the future research on or design of nanostructures with multifield couplings.
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Figure 1. Modified theories of electroelasticity featuring the coupling between the elastic and electric fields.
Figure 2. The scope of this review.
Figure 3. Size-dependent vibrations of piezoelectric nanostructures due to the gradient effect.
Figure 4. Size-dependent vibrations of a simply-supported FG PNB due to the gradient effect.
Figure 5. Surface effect on the resonance frequencies of PNBs with surface piezoelectricity.
Figure 6. Surface effect on the vibration responses of piezoelectric nanostructures.
Figure 7. Size-dependent thermo-electro-mechanical responses of layered PNPs due to nonlocal effect.
Figure 8. Size-dependent vibration of a curved and FG Timoshenko PNB due to nonlocal effect.
Figure 9. Effect of gradient piezoelectricity on the anti-plane wave propagation in piezoelectric nanostructures.
Figure 10. Lamb wave propagation in a piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity and strain gradient elasticity.
Figure 11. Surface effect on the dispersion curves of the first five SH wave modes of a magneto-electro-elastic plate.
Figure 12. Surface effect on the bandgap properties of a piezoelectric PC nanobeam.
Figure 13. Dispersive relations of piezoelectric nanobeams.
Figure 14. Localization factor spectra of the periodic piezoelectric/piezomagnetic laminates.
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Zhao, Z., Zhu, J., & Chen, W. (2022). Size-dependent vibrations and waves in piezoelectric nanostructures: a literature review. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 13(3), 391–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2022.2091058
5
Failure mechanisms in flexible electronics
Zhao, Zhehui, Haoran Fu, Ruitao Tang, Bocheng Zhang, Yunmin Chen, and Jianqun Jiang
ABSTRACT
The rapid evolution of flexible electronic devices promises to revolutionize numerous fields by expanding the applications of smart devices. Nevertheless, despite this vast potential, the reliability of these innovative devices currently falls short, especially in light of demanding operation environment and the intrinsic challenges associated with their fabrication techniques. The heterogeneity in these processes and environments gives rise to unique failure modes throughout the devices’ lifespan. To significantly enhance the reliability of these devices and assure long-term performance, it is paramount to comprehend the underpinning failure mechanisms thoroughly, thereby enabling optimal design solutions. A myriad of investigative efforts have been dedicated to unravel these failure mechanisms, utilizing a spectrum of tools from analytical models, numerical methods, to advanced characterization methods. This review delves into the root causes of device failure, scrutinizing both the fabrication process and the operation environment. Next, We subsequently address the failure mechanisms across four commonly observed modes: strength failure, fatigue failure, interfacial failure, and electrical failure, followed by an overview of targeted characterization methods associated with each mechanism. Concluding with an outlook, we spotlight ongoing challenges and promising directions for future research in our pursuit of highly resilient flexible electronic devices.
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Figure 1. Overview of failure of flexible electronic devices from perspective of failure mode, characterization methods, fabrication process and operating environment.
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of representative fabrication process for flexible electronic devices.
Figure 3. Operating environments of flexible electronic devices and their influencing factors.
Figure 4. Strength failure mechanisms.
Figure 5. Characterization methods for strength failure.
Figure 6. Interfacial failure mechanisms alongside their characterization methods.
Figure 7. Fatigue failure mechanisms.
Figure 8. Characterization methods of fatigue failure.
Figure 9. Electrical failure mechanisms and characterization methods.
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Zhao, Z., Fu, H., Tang, R., Zhang, B., Chen, Y., & Jiang, J. (2023). Failure mechanisms in flexible electronics. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 14(4), 510–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2261775
6
Liquid crystal elastomer composites for soft actuators
Sun, Jianbo, Chao Wang, Yongjiao Liu, Xudong Liang, and Zhijian Wang
ABSTRACT
Liquid crystal elastomers are active materials that combine the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals with the elasticity of polymer networks. The LCEs exhibit remarkable reversible contraction and elongation capabilities in response to external stimuli, rendering them highly promising for diverse applications, such as soft robotics, haptic devices, shape morphing structures, etc. However, the predominant reliance on heating as the driving stimulus for LCEs has limited their practical applications. This drawback can be effectively addressed by incorporating fillers, which can generate heat under various stimuli. The recent progress in LCE composites has significantly expanded the application potential of LCEs. In this minireview, we present the design strategies for soft actuators with LCE composites, followed by a detailed exploration of photothermal and electrothermal LCE composites as prominent examples. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the field of LCE composites.
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Figure 1. The schematic illustration of the molecular structure of monodomain and polydomain LCEs.
Figure 2. The schematic illustration of the preparation of LCE composites.
Figure 3. The LCE composites doped with carbon nanotubes.
Figure 4. Polydopamine incorporated LCE composites.
Figure 5. The chemical structures of the photothermal organic dyes used in LCE composites.
Figure 6. The electro-thermal LCE composites with serpentine heating layer.
Figure 7. The electro-thermal LCE composites with liquid metals as the heating elements.
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Sun, J., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Liang, X., & Wang, Z. (2023). Liquid crystal elastomer composites for soft actuators. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 14(4), 440–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2251926
7
Confined gas transport in low-dimensional materials
Duan, Hongwei, Zeyu Zhuang, Jing Yang, Shengping Zhang, and Luda Wang
ABSTRACT
Gas transport under confinement exhibits a plethora of physical and chemical phenomena that differ from those observed in bulk media, owing to the deviations of continuum description at the molecular level. In biological systems, gas channels play indispensable roles in various physiological functions by regulating gas transport across cell membranes. Therefore, investigating gas transport under such confinement is crucial for comprehending cellular physiological activities. Moreover, leveraging these underlying mechanisms can enable the construction of bioinspired artificial nanofluidic devices with tailored gas transport properties akin to those found in biological channels. This review provides a comprehensive summary of confined gas transport mechanisms, focusing on the unique effects arising from nanoconfinement. Additionally, we categorize nanoconfinement spaces based on dimensionality to elucidate their control over gas transport behavior. Finally, we highlight the potential of bioinspired smart gas membranes that mimic precise modulation of transportation observed in organisms. To conclude, we present a concise outlook on the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly expanding field.
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Figure 1. Mechanism of gas transport.
Figure 2. Impermeability of pristine graphene lattice and molecule sieving of angstrom-sized pores in graphene.
Figure 3. Gas transport through atomically thin materials with multiple pores and the influence of functional groups on transport.
Figure 4. Pore structures and gas separation properties of MOFs.
Figure 5. Stacking of 2D COF nanosheets for narrowed pore size and improved gas separation performances.
Figure 6. Structures and gas transport properties of zeolites, bilayer silica and graphdiyne.
Figure 7. Nanotubular materials and their gas transport properties.
Figure 8. Lamellar GO membranes and their gas transport properties.
Figure 9. Other lamellar membranes and their gas transport properties.
Figure 10. 2D slit channels and their gas transport properties.
Figure 11. Light-responsive membranes.
Figure 12. Temperature-responsive membranes.
Figure 13. Electrical-field-responsive membranes.
Figure 14. Smart gas membranes responsive to the stimulation of pressure and magnetic field.
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Duan, H., Zhuang, Z., Yang, J., Zhang, S., & Wang, L. (2024). Confined gas transport in low-dimensional materials. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(1), 127–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2023.2300348
8
Bioinspired ionic control for energy and information flow
Peng, Puguang, Han Qian, Jiajin Liu, Zhonglin Wang, and Di Wei
ABSTRACT
The control of ion transport by responding to stimulus is a necessary condition for the existence of life. Bioinspired iontronics could enable anomalous ion dynamics in the nanoconfined spaces, creating many efficient energy systems and neuromorphic in-sensor computing networks. Unlike traditional electronics based on von Neumann computing architecture, the Boolean logic computing based on the iontronics could avoid complex wiring with higher energy efficiency and programmable neuromorphic logic. Here, a systematic summary on the state of art in bioinspired iontronics is presented and the stimulus from chemical potentials, electric fields, light, heat, piezo and magnetic fields on ion dynamics are reviewed. Challenges and perspectives are also addressed in the aspects of iontronic integrated systems. It is believed that comprehensive investigations in bioinspired ionic control will accelerate the development on more efficient energy and information flow for the futuristic human-machine interface.
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Figure 1. The transport behavior of ions in bulk system
Figure 2. Typical I-V characterizations of the fundamental ionic-electronic coupling interface processes
Figure 3. (for more info please read full article)
Figure 4. (for more info please read full article)
Figure 5. (for more info please read full article)
Figure 6. (for more info please read full article)
Figure 7. (for more info please read full article)
Figure 8. (for more info please read full article)
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Peng, P., Qian, H., Liu, J., Wang, Z., & Wei, D. (2024). Bioinspired ionic control for energy and information flow. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(1), 198–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2305393
9
Current progress in glass-based nanochannels
Ling, Yixin, Xuelian Yang, Lei Zhou, Zhenkang Lei, Yaqi Hou, and Xu Hou
ABSTRACT
Glass-based nanochannels have become powerful tools for chemical and biological sensing due to their advantages of easy preparation, flexible modification, and high sensitivity. Lately, research on ion transport behaviors in glass-based nanochannels and their applications in nanofluidic iontronics has gradually become a focus, including various ion transport behaviors such as resistive-pulse, ion rectification, ionic current memory, etc. In this review, we summarize the progress of manufacturing methods for glass-based nanochannels and discuss several typical ion transport behaviors of glass-based nanochannels, as well as the main application scenarios of glass-based nanochannels in terms of biosensing, detection, and neuromorphic functions. The enormous assistance of artificial intelligence in the standardized manufacturing process of glass-based nanochannels was anticipated, and the potential development of glass-based nanochannels in achieving neuromorphic functions was expected.
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Figure 1. Evolutionary timeline of glass-based nanochannels
Figure 2. Overview of glass-based nanochannels: fabrication methods, typical ion transport behaviors, and representative applications, especially the development trends in neuromorphic functions.
Figure 3. Fabrication methods of glass-based nanochannels.
Figure 4. Three typical ion transport behaviors in glass-based nanochannels.
Figure 5. Application scenarios of glass-based nanochannels.
Figure 6. Summary of glass-based nanochannel systems from the perspectives of two main fabrication methods.
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Ling, Y., Yang, X., Zhou, L., Lei, Z., Hou, Y., & Hou, X. (2024). Current progress in glass-based nanochannels. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(1), 222–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2305544
10
Electric-double-layer-gated 2D transistors for bioinspired sensors and neuromorphic devices
Lin, Xiangde, Yonghai Li, Yanqiang Lei, and Qijun Sun
ABSTRACT
Electric double layer (EDL) gating is a technique in which ions in an electrolyte modulate the charge transport in an electronic material through electrical field effects. A sub-nanogap capacitor is induced at the interface of electrolyte/semiconductor under the external electrical field and the capacitor has an ultrahigh capacitance density (~µF cm−2). Recently, EDL gating technique, as an interfacial gating, is widely used in two-dimensional (2D) crystals for various sophisticated materials characterization and device applications. This review introduces the EDL-gated transistors based on 2D materials and their applications in the field of bioinspired optoelectronic detection, sensing, logic circuits, and neuromorphic computation.
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Figure 1. Schematic illustration of EDL-gated transistor for photoelectric detection, sensing, logic circuits, neuromorphic computation.
Figure 2. The type of ionic-gel structure. Three different types of ionic-gel composition structure and main ionic-gel anion and cation types.
Figure 3. EDL-gating mechanisms on 2D FETs in various configurations and their band diagrams.
Figure 4. Applications of phototransistor formed by EDL-gated transistors.
Figure 5. Applications of sensors formed by EDL-gated transistors.
Figure 6. Applications of logical circuits formed by EDL-gated transistors.
Figure 7. Applications of neuromorphic computing formed by EDL-gated transistors.
Figure 8. Applications of neuromorphic computing formed by piezotronic/tribotronic transistors.
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Lin, X., Li, Y., Lei, Y., & Sun, Q. (2024). Electric-double-layer-gated 2D transistors for bioinspired sensors and neuromorphic devices. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(1), 238–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2306837
11
Unlocking the potential of transdermal drug delivery
Li, Shuang, Jianhao Wu, Xiangjun Peng, and Xi-Qiao Feng
ABSTRACT
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has gained clinical approval over several decades, with extensive research dedicated to novel drug and device development. Despite notable research progress, the market adoption of TDD devices has not met anticipated levels, with oral administration and injection remaining predominant delivery methods. To maximize the potential of TDD, we identify bottlenecks hindering its widespread clinical application and propose promising research avenues. We begin by analyzing stringent demands necessary to truly benefit patients, addressing significant challenges in biomechanics, nanomedicine, and flexible electronics. Subsequently, we delve into skin anatomy, enhancement strategies, nano-carriers, and their underlining mechanisms, highlighting the importance and framework of quantitative modeling. Based on these discussions, we highlight the core strength of TDD, such as automatic precise administration based on feedback and high delivery efficiencies, especially applicable to localized conditions (e.g., central nervous system diseases, tumors). Finally, we envision the future of intelligent TDD device and its operation scenario, aiming to steer research efforts toward faster translation of laboratory innovations into widely used products for sufferers.
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Figure 1. Three strategies for drug delivery.
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the anatomy of the skin and pathways of drug absorption.
Figure 3. Schematic illustrations of the underlying mechanisms of typical enhancement strategies. a) Iontophoresis; b) microneedle; c) sonophoresis; d) electroporation.
Figure 4. Existing theoretical models for TDD.
Figure 5. Structures and mechanical models of nano-carriers.
Figure 6. Bio-chemo-physical coupling phenomena in TDD.
Figure 7. Existing pharmacokinetic models (the compartment models).
Figure 8. Delivery efficiency under different methods of drug delivery.
Figure 9. The application of TDD in diseases of different body parts. a) Systemic diseases. b) Localized diseases.
Figure 10. Representative applications of wearable TDD devices and biosensors.
Figure 11. A vision of an intelligent wearable TDD device and its operation scenario.
Figure 12. A technology roadmap for the achievements and trends of the development of TDD.
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Li, S., Wu, J., Peng, X., & Feng, X. Q. (2024). Unlocking the potential of transdermal drug delivery. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(3), 432–468. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2366210
12
Room temperature self-healing liquid metals: capabilities, applications and challenges
Hua, Chen, Jianye Gao, and Jing Liu
ABSTRACT
Self-healing materials span diverse application fields, including flexible electronics, soft robotics, and energy devices. However, conventional self-healing materials pose a challenge in achieving the delicate balance between flexibility and electrical conductivity. Moreover, they also suffer from prolonged healing times, incomplete healing, and high manufacturing costs. Liquid metals possess excellent self-healing capabilities owing to their unique combination of fluidic and metallic properties, high surface tension, and reversible solid-liquid phase change at room temperature, offering an intriguing material option for addressing the challenges associated with flexibility and electrical conductivity. In this review article, we comprehensively examine the domain of self-healing liquid metals from the standpoint of typical mechanisms underlying self-healing processes, as well as practical strategies employed for achieving such rejuvenation. Additionally, we explore representative applications that showcase the potential of these materials while aiming to provide a valuable reference for advancing and enhancing the field of self-healing materials. Future prospect along this direction is made.
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Figure 1. Three fundamental self-healing mechanisms for LMs.
Figure 2. Cases of mechanical stimulation induced droplet coalescence for self-healing of LMs.
Figure 3. Four remote stimulation induced droplet coalescence for self-healing of LMs.
Figure 4. Phase transition induced reversible self-healing.
Figure 5. Chemical crosslinking enabled self-healing in LM composites.
Figure 6. Examples of LM wearable devices with self-healing functions.
Figure 7. Application of LM in self-healing battery electrodes.
Figure 8. Self-healing design using LMs in soft robotics.
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Hua, C., Gao, J., & Liu, J. (2024). Room temperature self-healing liquid metals: capabilities, applications and challenges. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(3), 469–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2385349
13
Role of flexible sensors for the electrochemical detection of organophosphate-based chemical warfare agents
Dubey, Aman, Aamir Ahmed, Rakesh Singh, Anoop Singh, Ashok K. Sundramoorthy, and Sandeep Arya
ABSTRACT
This review article comprehensively explores the electrochemical detection of organophosphate-based agents, including warfare agents, pesticides, and simulants. It provides an in-depth analysis of their molecular structures, emphasizing the inherent toxicity and environmental risks posed by these compounds. The review highlights the significant role of flexible sensors in facilitating the electrochemical detection of organophosphate-based agents, offering insights into their design, development, and application in detection methodologies. Additionally, the article critically evaluates the challenges encountered in this field, such as sensor sensitivity and sample complexity, and discusses potential solutions to address these challenges. Furthermore, it outlines the future scope and opportunities for advancement in electrochemical detection technologies, including the integration of novel materials and the exploration of innovative detection strategies. By synthesizing current research findings and identifying future research directions, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse on the detection and mitigation of organophosphate-based agents’ risks to human health and the environment.
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Figure 1. G-type and V-type agent names and structures.
Figure 2. Names and structures of the basic mononuclear phosphorus hydrides, hydroxides, and oxides with three and five values.
Figure 3. Various structures of OP-based pesticides.
Figure 4. Names and structures of some pertinent mimics that are utilized in sensing as sarin, VX, and other mimics.
Figure 5. Diagrammatic representation of a traditional electrochemical sensor.
Figure 6. Diagrammatic depiction of common sensor parts.
Figure 7. (for more info please read full article).
Figure 8. Images of the biosensor along with real-time monitoring of methyl parathion.
Figure 9. Image of the wearable glove sensor and real time monitoring of carbendazim, diuron, paraquat, and fenitrothion in cabbage, apple, and orange juice.
Figure 10. Images of the tattoo-type sensor and its electrochemical performance.
Figure 11. Office paper-based electrochemical sensor.
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Dubey, A., Ahmed, A., Singh, R., Singh, A., Sundramoorthy, A. K., & Arya, S. (2024). Role of flexible sensors for the electrochemical detection of organophosphate-based chemical warfare agents. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(3), 502–533. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2385350
14
Therapeutic potentials of peptide-derived nanoformulations in atherosclerosis: present status and future directions
Liu, Xue, Weijiao Wang, Qiang Li, Hongtao Niu, and Weili Zhang
ABSTRACT
Atherosclerosis is a severe cardiovascular disease followed by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques within the lumen of blood vessels resulting in reduced blood flow thus initiating a series of events. Conventional therapies for atherosclerosis encounter multiple challenges, especially difficulty in precisely concentrating in certain affected regions and the potential for unwanted side effects. Consequently, scientists are focused on developing nanoformulations for atherosclerosis diagnosis and therapy. Peptide-based nanomedicines improve conventional therapies by offering improved structural and therapeutic stability and enabling target-specific delivery. Their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability additionally render them desirable materials intended for in vivo use. This review manuscript aims to provide an in-depth overview of peptide-based nanomedicines for atherosclerosis, focusing on targeted cells like endothelial cells, macrophages, and monocytes and their interaction with different plaque components. Moreover, the manuscript also highlights the latest progress in multimodal techniques and provides a comprehensive overview of limitations associated with their practical implementation.
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Figure 1. The current state and future prospects of atherosclerosis treatment.
Figure 2. (for more info please read full article).
Figure 3. A schematic representation of theranostic nanomaterials based on peptides.
Figure 4. The principles of targeting atherosclerotic plaques.
Figure 5. Possible vascular targets for functionalized nanocarriers in an artery segment with an atherosclerotic plaque are shown in a 3D diagram.
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Liu, X., Wang, W., Li, Q., Niu, H., & Zhang, W. (2024). Therapeutic potentials of peptide-derived nanoformulations in atherosclerosis: present status and future directions. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(3), 610–651. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2395270
15
Progress in high-performance stick-slip piezoelectric actuators: a review
Lin, Yingqi, Dawei An, Zhenyu Lin, Xiaoting Chen, and Weiqing Huang
ABSTRACT
The ultra-precision field is popular for its micro-nanometer positioning accuracy and large working stroke. Piezoelectric actuators based on the stick-slip operational principle exhibit superior performance characteristics, making them stand out with unique advantages in this field. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the developments in stick-slip piezoelectric actuators over recent years. Starting with a detailed explanation of their operating principles, the article proceeds with a brief introduction to the more commonly used driving waveforms and their applications. Subsequently, various design and optimization technologies for existing compliant mechanisms are presented. Furthermore, stick-slip piezoelectric actuators are categorized based on different motion forms, including linear, rotary, and multi-degree of freedom types. Each category is thoroughly examined in terms of structural design and performance features. Following this, the discussion shifts toward controller method research and friction modeling analysis, featuring a particular emphasis on the advancements related to displacement backlash suppression studies. This systematic summary aims to provide a reference for researchers within related fields, thereby facilitating the further development and application of stick-slip piezoelectric actuators.
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Figure 1. Three basic drive modes of piezoelectric materials. d31,d33, d15: dielectric constants.
Figure 2. (a) The working principle of longitudinal driving mode, U: voltage. (b) Displacement curves for stick-slip drive.
Figure 3. (for more info please read full article).
Figure 4. Voltage signals for SSPAs.
Figure 5. Designs of flexure hinge mechanisms in SSPAs.
Figure 6. Amplifier structure.
Figure 7. Stator structure with two-stage amplification mechanism
Figure 8. Other types of actuation units.
Figure 9. Optimization analysis method.
Figure 10. Classification of SSPAs according to the motion output form.
Figure 11. Constant contact force type SSPAs.
Figure 12. Self-adjusting contact force type SSPAs.
Figure 13. Rotary SSPAs.
Figure 14. Multi-degree of freedom SSPAs.
Figure 15. Control system block diagram.
Figure 16. (for more info please read full article).
Figure 17. (for more info please read full article).
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Cite this article:
Lin, Y., An, D., Lin, Z., Chen, X., & Huang, W. (2024). Progress in high-performance stick-slip piezoelectric actuators: a review. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 15(3), 652–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2024.2395293
注：本文中由于排版空间有限，部分图表标题内容不全，请读者阅读原文，以原文内容为准。
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