DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2024.08.002![]()
摘要:花生收获季节性强，人工作业劳动强度高，效率低，收获损失大，花生生产需要依靠成熟的机械化收获技术。中国的花生收获机械化水平在花生机械化生产环节中处于较低水平，严重制约了中国花生机械化水平的整体提高。本文在阐述花生收获作业模式为联合收获作业模式、两段式收获作业模式和三段式收获作业模式的基础上，对中国花生机械化收获的挖掘装置和摘果装置进行了系统归纳总结，并阐述了输送链式花生收获机、条铺式花生收获机、挖掘翻秧花生收获机、半喂入和全喂入式花生联合收获机的性能和特点。同时，分析了美国花生机械化收获技术，并对印度花生收获机进行了简述。最后，在总结花生机械化收获装备特点的基础上，分析了中国花生收获机械存在的问题，并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。指出花生机械化收获装备将进入以智能化、精细化、高效化为主导的新阶段。关键词:花生;分段收获;联合收获;作业模式;综述
Research Progress on Mechanized Harvesting Equipment and Technology for Peanuts
Abstract:Peanut harvesting is mainly characterized by strong seasonality, high labor intensity, low efficiency, and large harvesting losses. Therefore, peanut production needs mature mechanized harvesting technology. The mechanization level of China’s peanut harvest in the peanut production process is relatively low, significantly hindering the overall advancement of mechanization in China’s peanut industry. A systematic summary was provided based on three peanut harvesting operation modes (combined harvesting operation mode, two-stage harvesting operation mode, and three-stage harvesting operation mode). The study focused on the digging device and fruit-picking device utilized in China’s mechanized peanut harvesting. The performance and characteristics of various peanut harvesters were elaborated, including the conveyor chain peanut harvester, strip spreading peanut harvester, digging and tilling peanut harvester, as well as semi-feeding and full-feeding peanut combine harvester. Simultaneously, an analysis of mechanized peanut harvesting technology in the United States was carried out, accompanied by a brief description of the Indian peanut harvester. The characteristics of peanut mechanized harvesting equipment were summarized, providing insights into the challenges faced by peanut harvesting machinery in China. The analysis suggested that the future of peanut mechanization in China was poised to enter a new stage characterized by intelligence, refinement, and enhanced efficiency.Key words:peanuts; segmented harvesting; combined harvesting; operation mode; review![]()
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