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分裂句(cleft
sentence)
分裂句(cleft sentence)是一种表示强调的特殊句型,其结构是It is/was…that/who…。在这里,it是一个结构词(作形式主语),辅助构成这种特殊句型。分裂句的主要信息由is/was后面的表语和is/was后面的从句表示。
分裂句由基本句型转化而来,即把被强调的部分放在It is/was后面,用that/who引导其余部分。比如I saw her in the college library on Monday(星期一我在大学图书馆看见了她)可以根据不同的强调重点改写成:
It was I who/that saw her in the college library on Monday.
It was her that I saw in the college library on Monday.
It was in the college library that I saw her on Monday.
It was on Monday that I saw her in the college library.
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,was是谓语动词(系动词),过去一般时,on Monday是介词词组,作表语,在that引导的从句中作时间状语,that I saw her in the college library是that引导的从句。I是从句的主语,saw是谓语动词,过去一般时,her是宾语,in the college library是介词词组,作地点状语。
关于分裂句的用法,需要关注的几点如下:
1. 分裂句的谓语动词只能用一般体is/was,但是和表示推测的情态动词连用时,可以用be的一般体或者完成体不定式。
It might be your brother that you are thinking of.
你想的可能是你哥哥。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,might be是谓语动词,过去一般时,your brother是名词词组,作表语,that you are thinking of是that引导的从句。that引导从句,you是主语,are thinking of是动词词组,作谓语,that前面的your brother,在从句中作宾语。
It must have beenher sister that you saw.
你看到的肯定是她的姐姐。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,must have been是谓语动词,现在完成时,her sister是名词词组,作表语,that引导从句,you是主语,saw是谓语动词,过去一般时,前面的her sister在从句中作宾语。