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分裂句(cleft
sentence)
分裂句(cleft sentence)是一种表示强调的特殊句型,其结构是It is/was…that/who…。在这里,it是一个结构词(作形式主语),辅助构成这种特殊句型。分裂句的主要信息由is/was后面的表语和is/was后面的从句表示。
分裂句还可以用来强调主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句和原因状语从句。
It is not who does itthat is important but how she does it.
重要的不是谁做,而是她怎么做。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,is not是谓语动词词组,现在一般时,who does it是表语从句,that引导从句(指代前面的who does it),在从句中作主语,is是谓语动词(系动词或者be动词),important是形容词,作表语,but是连接词,表示转折,how she does it是表语从句。这个分裂句用来强调主语从句。
It was what he had saidthat I failed to recall.
他说的话,我记不起来了。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,was是谓语动词词组,过去一般时,what he had said是表语从句,that引导从句(指代前面what he had said),在从句中作宾语,I 是主语,failed是谓语动词,过去一般时,to recall(+what he had said)是动词不定式,作宾语,其中what he had said在动词不定式中作宾语。这个分裂句用来强调宾语从句。
It was before his father died that I first met him.
我第一次见到他,是在他父亲去世之前。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,was是谓语动词词组,过去一般时,before his father died是表语从句,that引导从句,是纯连接词,I 是主语,first 是副词,作状语,met是谓语动词,过去一般时,him是宾语,before his father died在that引导的的从句中作时间状语。这个分裂句用来强调时间状语从句。
It is where we now stand that we parted.
我们正是在我们现在站着的地方分手的。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,is是谓语动词词组,现在一般时,where we now stand是表语从句,that引导从句,是纯连接词,we 是主语,parted是谓语动词,过去一般时,him是宾语,where we now stand在that引导的的从句中作地点状语。这个分裂句用来强调地点状语从句。
It was because he was ill that we decided to return.
正是因为他病了我们才决定回去的。
结构分析:It是结构词,作形式主语,was是谓语动词词组,过去一般时,because he was ill是表语从句,that引导从句,是纯连接词,we 是主语,decided是谓语动词,过去一般时,to return是动词不定式,作宾语,because he was ill在that引导的的从句中作原因状语。这个分裂句用来强调原因状语从句。