最近阅读了《经济学人》一篇题为“Donald Trump survives an assassination attempt（唐纳德·特朗普在暗杀企图中幸存)” 的报道, 我深刻体会到，一篇好的文章不仅仅需要准确的信息和深入的分析，还需要文学语言的加持。这篇报道不仅在内容上详尽地描述了事件，还通过丰富的文学语言手法，让读者深刻感受到事件的紧张和复杂性。
生动的描写
报道一开始，就以细致入微的描写将读者带入现场：
就在唐纳德·特朗普在宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒县对支持者发表讲话后仅仅六分钟，突然传来一声巨响。特朗普先生的手立刻伸向他的右耳。随后又传来了更多的巨响。特朗普先生迅速低下身子，他的特勤人员立即扑倒在他身上。人群开始尖叫。
这几句话通过视觉和听觉描写， 比如“a pop was heard”、“Mr Trump’s hand immediately went to his right ear”、“More pops followed”，生动地描绘了现场的声音和动作，让读者仿佛置身于现场。我们仿佛能听到那一声声巨响，看到特朗普先生的迅速反应，这种生动的描写让读者仿佛置身现场，感受到紧张的气氛。
拟人和比喻
文中多处运用了拟人和比喻的手法，使文章更加生动形象。例如，
“...it takes the 2024 presidential campaign, already seething with contempt and chaos, into an even darker direction.”
“seething with contempt and chaos”
比喻：将“contempt and chaos”（蔑视和混乱）比作可以沸腾的液体，形象地表现出2024年总统竞选的动荡和敌意。
拟人：将竞选过程赋予了情感和生命，使其仿佛是一个充满敌意和混乱的个体，增强了读者对选情严峻性的感受。
“Images of the bleeding candidate holding his fist in the air will saturate the media in coming days and will now likely define the convention’s narrative.”
比喻和拟人：
比喻：将“saturate the media”比作液体充满容器，形象地表现出媒体对这一事件的高度关注和覆盖。
拟人：赋予“images”和“media”以生命和行动，使它们仿佛能够自主行动和影响舆论。
“Ever since Mr Biden’s self-immolation at the debate between the two men...”
比喻：使用“self-immolation”（自焚）比喻拜登在辩论中的表现，使读者更形象地理解事件的影响和严重性。
“It would be a modest balm in this fractious summer.”
比喻（Metaphor）
“a modest balm”
比喻：将“和解”或“安慰”比作“一剂温和的药膏”（a modest balm）。这个比喻形象地表现出这次和解的效果是温和但有一定疗效的，就像药膏可以缓解疼痛和炎症一样，和解可以缓解政治上的紧张局势。
“fractious summer”
比喻：将当前的政治环境比作“纷乱的夏天”（fractious summer）。夏天通常是炎热且多变的，而“fractious”意为“易怒的”、“难以驾驭的”，通过这种比喻，形象地表现出当前政治环境的动荡不安。
拟人（Personification）
拟人：将“夏天”赋予情感和状态，描述为“fractious”（易怒的、难以驾驭的），赋予了季节人的情感和特征，使读者能够更加感同身受地理解当前局势的紧张和不稳定。
对比（Contrast）
对比：将“modest balm”（温和的药膏）与“fractious summer”（纷乱的夏天）对比，突出和解或安慰在动荡环境中的重要性和难得。一个是温和且缓解疼痛的，一个是充满冲突和不稳定的，通过这种对比，强调了和解的珍贵和有效性。
意象（Imagery）
意象：通过“balm”和“summer”的意象，激发读者的视觉和触觉想象。药膏通常让人联想到舒缓和治疗，而夏天让人想到热烈和波动。这些意象帮助读者更好地理解和感受句子的意义。
“Media attention will now shift from the president’s own struggles to Mr Trump, perhaps starving the rebellion against Mr Biden of the attention it needed to succeed.”
拟人：将媒体关注赋予了生命和意图（shift and starving），强调了媒体在塑造公众舆论中的力量和影响。同时将“rebellion”拟人化，仿佛它需要关注来维持生命。这样的表达不仅形象生动，还让读者更容易理解事件的复杂性和重要性。
“The presidential election had been stable, even dull, until it was thrown off its rails just over two weeks ago. It now seems destined for many more twists and turns.”
比喻和拟人：将总统选举比作一列火车，描述其“thrown off its rails（脱轨）”。这个比喻形象地表现出选举的突然变化和混乱，使读者能够清晰地理解选举局势的剧变。通过“脱轨”这一比喻，突显了事件的突发性和不可预见性，增加了句子的视觉冲击力和戏剧性。“twists and turns”则预示着未来的不确定性和更多变故，使选举过程仿佛有自己的命运和轨迹。
对比：通过将之前的“stable, even dull （稳定，甚至有些平淡）”和现在的“thrown off its rails（突然脱轨）”进行对比，突显了选举局势的剧烈变化。这种对比使得读者更能体会到事件的重大影响和严重性
类比与引用
文章还通过类比和引用来增强表达效果“Already comparisons are being made to Theodore Roosevelt, who was shot in the chest in 1912 but finished his speech after judging the wound unthreatening.”
历史类比：将川普的遇刺事件与历史上的西奥多·罗斯福遇刺事件进行类比，增强了文章的深度和权威性。
“Mr Trump wrote on Saturday night, ‘It is incredible that such an act can take place in our Country.’”
直接引用：引用川普的原话，增强了报道的真实性和权威性。
对比和反讽
文章还通过对比和反讽来增强表达效果。“The presidential election had been stable, even dull, until it was thrown off its rails just over two weeks ago. It now seems destined for many more twists and turns.” 这段话通过将之前的“稳定、无聊”与现在的“脱轨、曲折”对比，突出了事件对选举的巨大影响。此外，文中提到“Defying an assassination attempt may only enhance his standing.”，用反讽的手法指出，暗杀未遂反而可能提升特朗普的声望，这种表达方式使读者对事件的反常性和复杂性有更深的理解。
预示和暗示
文章中多次使用预示和暗示的手法，让读者对未来可能的发展有所了解。“Whatever the shooter’s profile, it takes the 2024 presidential campaign, already seething with contempt and chaos, into an even darker direction.” 这句话不仅预示了未来竞选活动可能更加混乱，还通过“seething with contempt and chaos”暗示了当前的政治环境已经极其紧张和动荡。
情感共鸣
通过引用直接言论和情感化的语言，文章增强了与读者的情感共鸣。“It is incredible that such an act can take place in our Country,” Mr Trump wrote on Saturday night. 这种直接引用不仅增加了报道的真实性，还让读者感受到事件的冲击和特朗普先生的震惊。
总结
这篇报道通过生动的描写、拟人和比喻、对比和反讽、预示和暗示，以及情感共鸣等多种文学手法，使得文章不仅在信息传递上详尽准确，还在情感和形象上深深打动读者。文学语言的运用让新闻报道不再是冷冰冰的事实陈述，而是富有生命力和感染力的文字作品。这正是我从《经济学人》对川普遇刺报道中顿悟的：文学语言才是好文章的灵魂。通过这种方式，新闻不仅仅传递信息，更能引发读者的深思和共鸣，让事件的影响力和意义更加深远。
以下是这篇报道的中英文对照全文：
原文（English）
Just six minutes after Donald Trump began speaking to a crowd of supporters in Butler County, Pennsylvania, a pop was heard. Mr Trump’s hand immediately went to his right ear. More pops followed. Mr Trump ducked; his Secret Service protective detail jumped on top of him. The crowd began to scream. One minute later, his agents and police began shouting “shooter’s down” and “we’re clear” to one another. They lifted Mr Trump up, surrounding him. He paused, then raised his fist defiantly into the air several times before his bodyguards rushed him out.
翻译（中文）
就在唐纳德·特朗普在宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒县对支持者发表讲话后仅六分钟，现场传来一声巨响。特朗普先生的手立即伸向他的右耳。随后又传来了更多的巨响。特朗普先生迅速低下身子，他的特勤人员立即扑倒在他身上。人群开始尖叫。一分钟后，他的特工和警察开始互相大喊“枪手倒下了”和“我们安全了”。他们把特朗普先生扶起来，围在他身边。他停了一下，然后几次坚定地举起拳头，随后他的保镖迅速将他带走。
原文（English）
“I knew immediately that something was wrong in that I heard a whizzing sound, shots, and I immediately felt the bullet ripping through the skin,” Mr Trump recounted hours later on his social-media site. “Much bleeding took place, so I realised then what was happening.” Mr Trump said nothing further about his injuries but his campaign and President Joe Biden said he was not seriously harmed. The motive of the deceased shooter is unknown and may take days to determine. But this appears to be the most serious assassination attempt against a president or presidential candidate since Ronald Reagan was shot and seriously wounded in 1981. Whatever the shooter’s profile, it takes the 2024 presidential campaign, already seething with contempt and chaos, into an even darker direction.
翻译（中文）
“我立即知道出事了，因为我听到了一阵嗖嗖声、枪声，然后立刻感觉到子弹划过皮肤的疼痛，”特朗普先生几个小时后在他的社交媒体上回忆道。“流了很多血，所以我才意识到发生了什么。”特朗普先生没有进一步透露他的伤情，但他的竞选团队和乔·拜登总统表示，他并未受到严重伤害。已故枪手的动机尚不清楚，可能需要几天时间才能确定。但这似乎是自1981年罗纳德·里根被枪击并严重受伤以来，针对总统或总统候选人的最严重的暗杀企图。不论枪手的背景如何，这件事使得2024年的总统竞选，已经充满了蔑视和混乱，现在更是走向了一个更黑暗的方向。
原文（English）
Mr Biden, who is vying for re-election against Mr Trump, spoke to his rival on Saturday night. Earlier that evening he told reporters in Delaware that “There’s no place in America for this kind of violence. It’s sick…Everybody must condemn it.”
翻译（中文）
拜登先生正在与特朗普先生竞争连任，他在星期六晚上与他的对手进行了交谈。当晚早些时候，他在特拉华州对记者表示，“美国不容许这种暴力行为。这很病态……每个人都必须谴责它。”
Political violence has been rising in America. In 2017, a left-wing fanatic shot a practice session of the Republican congressional baseball team, nearly killing Steve Scalise, the current majority leader. A crazed man invaded the San Francisco home of Nancy Pelosi, then the Democratic house speaker, in 2022, and repeatedly bashed her elderly husband on the head with a hammer. Supporters of Mr Trump were so incensed by his election loss to Mr Biden in 2020, that they attempted a violent sack of the Capitol on January 6th 2021. As shocking as the attempt on Mr Trump’s life is, it is sadly not surprising.
翻译（中文）
政治暴力在美国日益增加。2017年，一名左翼狂热分子在共和党国会棒球队的训练期间开枪，几乎杀死了现任多数党领袖史蒂夫·斯卡利斯。2022年，一名疯狂男子闯入当时的众议院议长南希·佩洛西在旧金山的家中，并用锤子反复敲打她年迈的丈夫的头部。特朗普先生的支持者对他在2020年输给拜登先生的选举结果非常愤怒，以至于他们在2021年1月6日试图暴力袭击国会大厦。虽然对特朗普先生生命的企图令人震惊，但令人遗憾的是，这并不令人意外。
原文（English）
Mr Trump is days away from being formally nominated for the presidency for the third consecutive time at the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Images of the bleeding candidate holding his fist in the air will saturate the media in coming days and will now likely define the convention’s narrative. “It is incredible that such an act can take place in our Country,” Mr Trump wrote on Saturday night.
翻译（中文）
距离特朗普先生在威斯康星州密尔沃基举行的共和党全国代表大会上第三次被正式提名总统只有几天的时间。在接下来的几天里，媒体将充斥着这位流血的候选人举起拳头的图像，这些图像很可能会定义大会的叙事。特朗普先生在周六晚上写道：“这样的事情竟然发生在我们国家，真是不可思议。”
原文（English）
The mood within the Trumpworld had been triumphal over the last few weeks. Ever since Mr Biden’s self-immolation at the debate between the two men, held on June 27th, the Democrats have been agonising over the viability of Mr Biden’s re-election bid. Some 20 elected Democrats in Congress have publicly called for the president to stand aside. Mr Trump had been relatively quiet during this period, standing back while the Democrats tore themselves apart.
翻译（中文）
在过去的几周里，特朗普阵营的情绪一直很高涨。自6月27日两人辩论中拜登的自毁行为以来，民主党人一直在为拜登先生连任竞选的可行性而痛苦不堪。大约有20名当选的国会议员公开呼吁总统让位。在此期间，特朗普先生相对沉默，静静地看着民主党人自相残杀。
原文（English）
The consensus view in Washington is that Mr Trump is the dominant favourite to win the presidential election. Defying an assassination attempt may only enhance his standing. Already comparisons are being made to Theodore Roosevelt, who was shot in the chest in 1912 but finished his speech after judging the wound unthreatening. Republicans were already unwavering in their support of Mr Trump, despite the shock of January 6th and the multiple indictments (and several felony convictions) that their candidate has faced. His supporters’ allegiance will be even more secure now. For Mr Biden, the shooting is a test of presidential leadership that he sought to meet with an early public appearance to report facts and promise follow-up. It would be a modest balm in this fractious summer if Mr Biden’s outreach to his rival produced even a brief performance of comity and good will between the candidates.
翻译（中文）
华盛顿的普遍看法是，特朗普先生是赢得总统选举的最热门人选。抵御暗杀企图可能只会提升他的地位。人们已经将他与西奥多·罗斯福进行比较，后者在1912年被枪击中胸部，但在判断伤口无威胁后完成了演讲。尽管1月6日的事件和候选人面临的多项起诉（以及几项重罪定罪）令人震惊，共和党人对特朗普先生的支持依然坚定不移。他的支持者的忠诚度现在会更加牢固。对于拜登先生来说，这次枪击是对他总统领导力的考验，他试图通过早期的公开露面来报告事实并承诺跟进。如果拜登先生与对手的接触能在这个动荡的夏天中带来短暂的和谐和善意，这将是一个温和的安慰剂。
原文（English）
If that occurs, it may pass quickly. Mr Biden has often campaigned on the idea that he is running to save the nation’s democracy from Mr Trump’s intended tyranny and dictatorship. Republicans have in turn painted the president as a corrupt criminal. After the shooting, J.D. Vance, the Republican senator who is on Mr Trump’s vice-presidential shortlist, wrote on X that the shooting was “not an isolated incident” and that the Biden campaign’s rhetoric “led directly to Mr Trump’s attempted assassination”. More of that sort of incendiary accusation can be expected.
翻译（中文）
如果发生这种情况，它可能会很快过去。拜登先生经常以拯救国家民主免受特朗普意图中的暴政和独裁统治为竞选口号。共和党人则将总统描绘成腐败的罪犯。枪击事件发生后，特朗普先生副总统候选人名单上的共和党参议员J.D. Vance在X上写道，这次枪击“不是孤立事件”，拜登竞选团队的言辞“直接导致了对特朗普的暗杀企图”。可以预料到更多类似的煽动性指控。
原文（English）
Mr Biden, meanwhile, has been fighting for his political life, portraying himself as an insurgent against his own party’s establishment after his abysmal debate performance. Media attention will now shift from the president’s own struggles to Mr Trump, perhaps starving the rebellion against Mr Biden of the attention it needed to succeed. The presidential election had been stable, even dull, until it was thrown off its rails just over two weeks ago. It now seems destined for many more twists and turns.
翻译（中文）
与此同时，拜登先生一直在为他的政治生命而战，在辩论表现糟糕之后，他将自己描绘成反对本党既得利益的叛乱者。媒体的关注点将从总统自己的困境转移到特朗普身上，这可能会使反对拜登的叛乱因缺乏必要的关注而无法成功。总统选举一直相对稳定，甚至有些平淡，直到两周多前它突然脱轨。现在它似乎注定会有更多的曲折和变化。
愿我们都能掌握运用文学语言的能力，使我们的写作更具表现力和感染力。
作者*雅思8.5达人@Lili 老师
-阅读听力9写作8.5口语8
超过10年的教学经验，曾多次创下帮学生40课时内达到雅思8分和7.5分的高分记录，擅长帮学生搭建高分句型结构、满分素材，强雅思写作批改，直击失分点，英国名校圣安德鲁斯大学(英国卫报排名第二; 威廉王子母校) 英语教育MBA 双硕士科班出身，有着深厚的英语语言教学以及写作功底，TESOL 资格证书 TESl Canada 资格认证；
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