Abstract
Magnesium nutrition is vital for the allocation of photosynthates, which serve as the material basis for quality compounds metabolism and shoots / roots growth. To analyze the effects of magnesium on the growth of tea plant and allocation of photosynthates, we explored changes in tea plant phenotype, starch content, and metabolic products based on three levels of magnesium. The results show that adequate magnesium nutrition can increase the diameter of metaxylem cells in tea plant root tips, resulting in a larger average root length and diameter. Mild Mg deficiency inhibits the transport of photosynthates from mature leaves to new shoots, leading to the accumulation of substances such as galactopyranosylxylose and arabinopyranosyl - glucopyranose in mature leaves. This consequently suppresses the transport of photosynthates to new shoots. In contrast, complete (sever) magnesium deficiency leads to the accumulation of photosynthates in stems and new shoots, inhibiting their transport to roots. For example, among the ten saccharide metabolites detected in stems and new shoots, d-Trehalose, d-Lactose, and 3′-Fucosyllactose exhibited the highest levels in incomplete magnesium supply conditions. The responses to sever and mild magnesium deficiency were observed to differ. In particular, sever magnesium deficiency inhibited the transport of photosynthates to roots, leading to their accumulation in tea plant stems, while mild magnesium deficiency inhibited their transport to new shoots, resulting in their accumulation in mature leaves. This study clarifies the metabolic changes in the quality components of tea plants under mild and sever magnesium deficiency conditions, which is conducive to improving tea quality.
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