近期，由上海交大安渊团队在Plant Physiol发表了题为《Chloroplast-targeted Late embryogenesis abundant 1 increases alfalfa tolerance to drought and aluminum》的研究论文，揭示了苜蓿叶绿体靶向的LEA1蛋白提高对干旱和铝的耐受性。
晚期胚胎发生丰富蛋白（LEA）是重要的胁迫反应蛋白，参与保护植物免受非生物胁迫。
在本研究中，作者通过过表达和RNA干扰方法研究了干旱和铝胁迫下苜蓿MsLEA1的功能，该蛋白含有典型的无序和α-螺旋结构。
MsLEA1在叶片中高度表达，并定位于叶绿体中。过表达MsLEA1增加了苜蓿对干旱和Al胁迫的耐受性，但下调MsLEA1降低了耐受性。与干旱胁迫下的野生型植物相比，MsLEA1-RNAi系中能观察到更大的气孔孔径和更低的水分利用效率。
在干旱和Al胁迫下，MsLEA1-OE株系的光合速率、Rubisco活性和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增加，但上述生理参数在MsLEA1-RNAi株系中表现为下调趋势。其中，Cu/Zn-SOD、Fe-SOD和Rubisco大亚基蛋白（Ms1770）被鉴定为MsLEA1的结合伴侣，在干旱和铝胁迫下保护叶绿体的结构和功能。
这些结果表明，MsLEA1募集并保护其靶蛋白（SOD和Ms1770），并提高苜蓿对干旱和Al胁迫的耐受性。
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are important stress-response proteins that participate in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated LEA group 3 protein MsLEA1, containing the typically disordered and α-helix structure, via overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) approaches in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought and aluminum (Al) stresses. MsLEA1 highly expressed in leaves and localized in chloroplasts. Overexpressing MsLEA1 increased alfalfa tolerance to drought and Al stresses, but downregulating MsLEA1 decreased the tolerance. We observed a larger stomatal aperture and a lower water use efficiency in MsLEA1 RNAi lines compared to wild-type plants under drought stress. Photosynthetic rate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased or decreased in MsLEA1-OE or -RNAi lines, respectively, under drought and Al stress. Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD and Rubisco large subunit proteins (Ms1770) were identified as binding partners of MsLEA1, which protected chloroplast structure and function under drought and Al stress. These results indicate that MsLEA1 recruits and protects its target proteins (SOD and Ms1770) and increases alfalfa tolerance against drought and Al stresses.
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