2024年的美国大选正式落幕，最终结果出炉，特朗普取得277张选举人票，已超过270的当选门槛，赢得了本次总统大选，美国共和党总统候选人特朗普也已经正式宣布在2024年总统选举中获胜。
一、The Democratic Party: Who Are They?
The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, advocating for progressive policies that emphasize social equality, government intervention in the economy, and environmental protection. Democrats generally support expanding social programs such as healthcare and education, protecting minority rights, and addressing climate change through stricter regulations. The party has a diverse base, including young voters, urban populations, and minorities, and is often associated with liberal ideologies.
民主党：他们是谁？
民主党是美国的两大政党之一，主张推动社会平等、政府干预经济和加强环境保护的进步政策。民主党通常支持扩大社会福利项目，如医疗保健和教育，注重保障少数群体的权利，并通过更严格的法规应对气候变化。该党有着多元化的支持群体，包括年轻选民、城市居民和少数族裔，并且常与自由主义理念相联系。
二、The Republican Party: Who Are They?
The Republican Party, also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is the other major political party in the U.S. It emphasizes conservative values, advocating for limited government intervention, lower taxes, and a strong national defense. Republicans are known for supporting free-market policies and traditional social values, often opposing extensive government regulations. The party’s base primarily includes older voters, rural communities, and business owners, with a focus on preserving individual freedoms and national security.
共和党：他们是谁？
共和党（也称为“大老党”）是美国的另一大主要政党，主张保守价值观，提倡减少政府干预、降低税收和加强国家防务。共和党支持自由市场政策和传统社会价值观，通常反对广泛的政府监管。该党的支持者主要包括年长选民、农村社区和企业主，其政策核心在于维护个人自由和国家安全。
三、The Presidency of the United States: Role, Structure, and Election Process
美国总统地位：职责、机构设置与选举机制
The President of the United States serves as both the head of state and the head of government, holding the highest executive authority in the country. The U.S. president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and is responsible for implementing federal laws, managing foreign policy, and directing the executive branch. The president's office is part of the Executive Branch, which works alongside the Legislative (Congress) and Judicial (Supreme Court) branches to govern the country.
美国总统既是国家元首，也是政府首脑，拥有国家最高的行政权力。总统还担任武装部队的总司令，负责执行联邦法律、管理外交事务，并领导行政部门。总统办公室属于行政分支，与立法分支（国会）和司法分支（最高法院）共同治理国家。
四、The U.S. Presidential Election Process美国总统选举机制
The U.S. presidential election occurs every four years. Candidates from major parties (Democratic and Republican) are nominated through primary elections and party conventions. The general election takes place in November, but the winner is determined by the Electoral College system rather than the popular vote.
美国的总统选举每四年举行一次。各大党（如民主党和共和党）的候选人通过初选和党代会提名产生。总统大选在11月举行，但选举人团制度而非普选票数决定最终胜者。
五、Electoral College: Each state has a certain number of electors based on its population. A candidate needs 270 electoral votes to win the presidency.
选举人团制度：各州的选举人票数基于该州人口数量。候选人需获得270张选举人票才能赢得选举。
六、Inauguration Day: The new president is sworn into office on January 20 following the election.
就职典礼：新当选的总统将在次年1月20日正式宣誓就职。
七、The U.S. president is not elected directly by popular vote but through the Electoral College. Each state’s number of electoral votes is based on its two Senate seats plus the number of seats it holds in the House of Representatives (which varies with population). There are 50 states plus Washington, D.C., giving a total of 538 electoral votes. To win, a candidate must receive at least 270 electoral votes—not popular votes—representing an absolute majority.
美国总统并非通过全国普选票直接当选，而是通过选举人团。每个州的选举人票数量等于该州在国会的参议员席位（2席）加上其在众议院的席位（按人口分配）。全国共有50个州和哥伦比亚特区，总计538张选举人票。候选人必须赢得至少270张选举人票——而非普选票——才能获得绝对多数，当选总统。
八、Electoral and Popular Votes: “Winner Takes All”
选举人票与普选票：“赢者通吃”
Imagine a sports match where winning a single point gives you all the points for that round—this is the "winner-takes-all" system. In almost every state, the candidate with the most votes wins all the state’s electoral votes. However, Maineand Nebraska are exceptions, distributing their votes proportionally by district results.
想象一场比赛，赢得一分就能拿下本轮的所有积分——这就是赢者通吃规则。在几乎所有州中，普选票最多的候选人赢得该州的全部选举人票。但缅因州和内布拉斯加州按选区结果按比例分配选举人票（例如，假设一个州有 4 个选区和 4 张选举人票。候选人甲在 3 个选区获胜，候选人乙在 1 个选区获胜。那么，候选人甲将获得 3 张选举人票，候选人乙将获得 1 张选举人票）。
