欢迎回复互助二字进入公众号群聊。
原文信息：
Electrifying High-Efficiency Future Communities: Impact on Energy, Emissions, and Grid
原文链接：
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666792422000130
Abstract
To combat climate change and meet decarbonization goals, the building sector is improving energy efficiency and electrifying end uses to reduce carbon emissions from fossil fuels. All-electric buildings are becoming a trend among new constructions, introducing opportunities for decarbonization but also technical challenges and research gaps. For instance, further investigation is needed to understand how the adoption of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in all-electric communities would affect energy consumption, carbon emissions, and grid planning. This paper presents a case study of a mixed-use, all-electric community located in Denver, Colorado. We use URBANopt™, a physics-based urban energy modeling platform to model the community and then evaluate the impact of EEMs and DERs (i.e., photovoltaics [PV], electric vehicles [EVs], and batteries) on the community’s energy usage, carbon emissions, and peak demand. The results show that adding EEMs and PV led to both energy consumption and carbon emissions reductions across all building types. However, we saw fairly limited impact of EEMs and PV on buildings’ peak demand in our case. Additionally, due to overnight EV charging activities and higher grid carbon intensity at night, the carbon emissions in multifamily buildings have a noticeable increase compared to scenarios without vehicles. Finally, the addition of batteries helped reduce peak demand by 11%–29%. The modeling workflow and evaluation methods can be applied to similar communities to evaluate their performance and the effect of integrating EEMs and DERs.
Keywords
All-electric community
Electric vehicles
Energy efficiency measures
Distributed energy resources
Building-to-grid integration
Net-zero energy
URBANopt
Graphics
Fig. 4. Scenarios designed for the case study. The future scenario builds upon the baseline scenario with a higher energy efficiency level in alignment with future projected building code requirements.
Fig. 6. Net EUI by building type (Scenarios 1, 2a, and 2b). There exist some reductions of electricity usage from the baseline to the future scenario because of the adoption of EEMs. For the future NZE scenario, in every building type, the annual net EUI is around zero.
Fig. 8. Monthly peak demand by building type (Scenarios 1, 2a, and 2b). The adoption of EEMs has limited impact on the buildings’ peak demand. However, adding ground PV panels in the future NZE scenario further reduces peak demand.
Fig. 13. Mean annual operational energy costs by building type. In all building types, the demand charge constitutes a larger portion of the total cost than the energy charge. The negative values represent the obtained renewable credits.
Fig. 15. Community annual carbon emissions by building type. There is a similar distribution of emissions in the baseline scenario and the future NZE scenario with EVs and batteries.
关于Applied Energy
本期小编：郭加澄； 审核人：江璐鑫
《Applied Energy》是世界能源领域著名学术期刊，在全球出版巨头爱思唯尔 (Elsevier) 旗下，1975年创刊，影响因子10.109，CiteScore 20.4，高被引论文ESI全球工程期刊排名第4，谷歌学术全球学术期刊第53，本刊旨在为清洁能源转换技术、能源过程和系统优化、能源效率、智慧能源、环境污染物及温室气体减排、能源与其他学科交叉融合、以及能源可持续发展等领域提供交流分享和合作的平台。开源（Open Access）姊妹新刊《Advances in Applied Energy》现已正式上线。在《Applied Energy》的成功经验基础上，致力于发表应用能源领域顶尖科研成果，并为广大科研人员提供一个快速权威的学术交流和发表平台，欢迎关注！
公众号团队小编招募长期开放，欢迎发送自我简介（含教育背景、研究方向等内容）至wechat@applied-energy.org
点击“阅读原文”
提交文章吧
喜欢我们的内容？
点个“赞”或者“再看”支持下吧！
