讲座预告｜点击查看第七周讲座快讯

内容简介：

中国书法自诞生以来，就成为中国人最为日常的使用工具与心灵表达。前人讲“字如其人，如其学、如其才、如其志”，讲的就是书法这门艺术的特殊性，可以直达内心，反映真情。正基于此，书法便有了进一步被赋予人格化的可能。君子小人不同，儒家刚正、道释洒脱、文人清雅、隐士深幽，也往往各异。书法在这种世俗价值的他律与自身精神表达的自觉中交织并行，谱写一部精彩纷呈的人文历史。

内容简介：

讲座内容着重关注出版史研究中的史料与方法问题。具体分析如下若干具象议题：如何锚定选题？史料从何而来，如何整理、利用？研究的路径与方法是什么？

内容简介：

通过分享主讲人从读博到从事教职的经历，探讨从事学术研究与科研工作中不同阶段的角色重心和规划方向，总结从读博到青年教师的学术成长历程，以及在这一过程中积累的经验和教训。以期鼓励博士生在未来的学术道路上保持热情、勇于探索、不断成长。

内容简介：

我们实验室研究水生植物宿主及其相关微生物群落之间的共生关系。我们关注微生物群落构建的机制及其对生态系统功能的影响。通过利用合成微生物群落的方法，我们致力于揭示微生物群落内部的生态进化相互作用的复杂性及其对宿主性状和生态系统功能的影响。这次报告我将分享我们实验室研究的一些案例。

内容简介：

In this presentation Dr Simeon Smaill will providea brief background to New Zealand forestry science and Scion, then introduceresearch exploring options to sustainably increase the productivity of Pinusradiata, which is the dominant exotic forest species in New Zealand.Following this, he will discuss the results of a recently competed projectexploring the potential to use Pinus radiata to manage water quality,which created some unexpected results with important implications for forestmanagement strategies.

内容简介：

Large scale surveys of natural prokaryotic communities (metagenomics) or isolate genomes have revealed species clusters around 95% Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) of shared genes. That is, members of the same species tend to show >95% ANI among themselves and <85% to members of other species with a clear scarcity (gap) of genome pairs showing between 85-95% ANI. We have recently reported a similar ANI gap within species, around 99.5% ANI, revealing that discrete, intraspecies units may also exist. We suggested referring to these units as genomovars (Rodriguez-R, mBio 2024), and to employ a higher ANI value (99.9%) and level of shared genes (>99% of total genes) to define strains (Viver, Nat. Comms. 2024). In this talk, will present our improved bioinformatics methodologies to recover the genome of these species and intra-species units from met-agenomic datasets. Subsequently, I will describe how tracking of pollution (or microbial source tracking) based on these methodologies and units of diversity can be performed more robustly than existing approaches (Lindner et al., Water Research 2021). These capabilities represent a novel problem-solving framework that may be especially useful to site-specific environmental monitoring of not only fecal pollution but also monitoring of the release of organisms of synthetic biology into the environment. Finally, I will show an example of how these metagenomic methodologies helped us to identify the keystone species degrading crude oil spills within complex coastal sediments, and how this work hasled to the identification of novel biosurfactants for oil bioremediation.

内容简介：

Climate change presents several interrelated challenges for forest soils. First, forest ecosystems are essential carbon sinks and reservoirs, providing wood and fiber for traditional uses while also meeting the in-creasing demand for biomass resources to replace fossil carbonderived products. The second challenge is how to meet this additional demand. Will it be achieved through the expansion of forested areas, including the harvesting of remaining primary forests, or through increased productivity in existing planted forests while prioritizing biodiversity conservation? Lastly, we expect greater forest disturbances due to climatic events, such as wildfires, extreme winds, floods, diseases, and pest outbreaks. These disturbances threaten the productivity, sustainability, and resilience of forests and their soils, jeopardizing the goals set by the Paris Agreement and the future supply of timber resources. The ability of forest soils to recover from these extreme and increasingly frequent events, coupled with the need to develop more resilient forests, will be a critical issue moving forward.

As well as increasing the resilience of forests and forest soils to disturbances, new management practices will need to be developed to buffer the soil resources against any pressures resulting from intensification (e.g., shorter rotations, higher stocked stands, more disturbance, and residue removal), to meet increased demands. For example, can we enha-nce soil fertility without using more inputs  by better utilising soil biological resources? To meet these interrelated challenges and address the complexity of the issues, it will be essential to identify priority areas of new research for forest soils, recognizing the views of early carer scientists as they will hold different aspirations for their future world. Overall, forest soil scientists will have a large role to play in the global response to climate change.

内容简介：

工欲善其事必先利其器，方法科学是研究有效的重要前提。Q方法旨在联结主客观世界，试图打破固有的主客分离，运用统计手段探究人类主观性结构，兼具量化和质性方法的特点。国际中文教育中关于师生动机、情感、信念等的研究，以前的研究范式常因为主观性问题而遭到批评。本报告将结合国际中文教育中的几项基于Q方法的研究，展示Q方法的操作路径，并通过对比说明其比较优势。

内容简介：

本次讲座将从国际关系视角提出以下问题：世界史研究有无最佳的研究方法？世界史研究如何为现实服务？如何确保世界史研究使用正确的文献资料？如何认识世界体系的发展进程？如何看待世界史研究中的“中国中心论”？民族解放运动是否已经完成其历史使命？如何认定现代化进程的起点？人类命运共同体共同体理念的世界史视角是什么？如何使区域国别学推动世界史研究？

内容简介：

如何在全球视野中考察中国文化？历史上的中外文化交流中，中国与世界建立了怎样的互构关系？全球化背景下如何认识中国文化？当今互联网等新媒体的发展，如何推动中国文化的国际传播？针对中国文化全球传播的问题，本讲座讨论中国文化全球传播的路径与内容，考察历史上的传播路径、传播方式和传播内容，为我们今天中国文化传播提供借鉴，从而推进中国文化国际传播能力，提升中国文化的全球竞争力。

内容简介：

当今世界面临深刻复杂变化的动荡变革期，地处“三洲五海”的中东再度成为全球关键地缘战略板块，同时中国正经历迈向全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程。推进中国式现代化需要在人类命运共同体理念引导下营造良好国际环境，作为新时代中国特色大国外交的有机组成，中国中东外交新征程于变局中开新局。本次讲座内容包括：（一）地区内外变局交织下的中东。（二）转型动荡期的中东局势。（三）后霸权时代大国在中东的博弈。（四）中国中东外交新征程。

内容简介：

用法分析是语法研究的重要任务。基于句法的用法解释可以为语言教学提供理论依据，但是远远不能满足第二语言学习的需要。在第二语言教学中，对语境的刻画尤为重要。用法分析中的语境刻画，不仅要说明语体要求，还要关注交际活动的功能类型、交际行为类型以及言者的互动意图。充分关照语用条件的自上而下的描写和解释，从互动功能的视角进行跨语言对比，可以有效帮助学生提高语言使用的能力。

内容简介：

清末民初，文学史家综合通行观点，建构秦汉古文家、唐宋八大家、归有光、桐城三祖、姚门弟子及再传弟子、桐城后学谱系，强调桐城派、阳湖派同源异流，推动“高第弟子”说传播，将曾国藩纳入桐城派自身，批判桐城末流。国粹派强调骈散相合，对桐城末流批判更尖锐。新青年派或持纯文学观，批评桐城古文载道，缺乏艺术性；或持杂文学观，批评其所载之道无益于社会。整体而言，此期桐城派总体批评偏重介绍说明，综合多于创新，虽有滞后性，亦不乏学理性，建构性、建设性兼备，推动了桐城派古文文本和批评话语体系经典化。桐城古文派、散文派定位先后遮蔽其经史之学，邓实、刘师培等人“桐城学派”的提出有纠偏意义。

内容简介：

利用2020年人口普查和2017年生育调查数据，重构了1990年以来中国的生育率，回顾了中国生育率转变和生育模式变化的趋势和特征。中国非同寻常的生育率转变可以用三次生育率跃降来描述。进度效应始终是中国生育率下降和持续低生育率的重要因素。生育率分解表明教育结构变化已经成为近期生育率下降的决定性因素。由于中国育龄人群的生育意愿为全世界最低，中国未来生育率存在跌破1的风险。报告讨论了这些变化对中国未来人口变动如负增长的影响。

内容简介：

中国已步入低生育率社会，面临人口负增长、老龄化加剧等问题。讲座介绍国际及中国的生育支持政策，包括经济、时间、服务支持及文化建设，并强调新型婚育文化建设的重要性。同时，分析生育主导型负增长现象，指出提升生育率面临的挑战与机遇。生育率回升面临困难，但实施积极的生育支持政策有助于助力回升。讲座对于理解中国人口形势、推动生育政策完善具有重要参考价值。

内容简介：

本讲座将深入探讨开放性-流体-晶体-智能（OFCI）模型的原理、特质和状态等问题，以及从开放性和兴趣到情境感知、成就动机、精神分裂和年龄视角等不同建构的作用。

内容简介：

The genes that code for the light sensing receptors that mediate human color vision provide a fascinating window onto the evolution of visual systems across many species, as well as onto present-day variation in color vision ability within our own species.  Studying these genes has also revealed unexpected regulatory mechanisms that allow for the rapid acquisition of a new dimension color vision in those species that have more limited forms of color vision. Additionally, the X-chromosome location of two of the visual receptor genes provides an opportunity for greater complexity within the visual system of females compared to males.  The data suggest that sex differences of this type may extend to other parts of the brain.

内容简介：

Next year marks the centenary of quantum physics, which gave us the key to understand the microscopic world of atoms and photons. Among all the remarkable inventions that resulted from this knowledge, the laser plays an essential role in exploring aspects of quantum physics that still leave us with fascinating unresolved questions. In this talk, I will discuss the contribution of lasers to the science of quantum information, to the realization of ultra-precise optical clocks and to the development of giant interferometers detecting gravitational waves. These fundamental advances may one day reveal new physics and shed light on the yet unknown connection between quantum physics and the theory of general relativity.    

内容简介：

Organic synthesis is one of the great branches of Chemistry that has had a profound impact on the betterment and advancement of civilization.  In its most modern manifestations, it renders the dream of alchemy (turning something worthless into something valuable) a reality. It places the practitioner into the role of artist, engineer, and astronaut. Thus, advances in this field are inherently of interest to a broad audience. Predicting the specific developments that will alter the course of this field is difficult.  This talk will use casestudies from our lab to demonstrate how one of the oldest and least expensive reagents on Earth, electrons, can facilitate new retrosynthetic disconnections and aid in the pursuit of simple, ideal solutions to longstanding challenges. 

内容简介：

In certain applications, 2nd-order elliptic problems lack divergent forms due to regularity restrictions, necessitating the direct discretization of the 2nd-order derivatives. In this work, we develop a new Petrov-Gal-erkin method that employs a C1-co-nforming finite element for the trial space and an L2-discontinuous element for the test space. We demo-nstrate that the numerical solution obtained through this new method converges to the exact solution with an order of 2k-2(where k > 2 is the polynomial degree) at the nodal points for both function value and the gradient, assuming a rectangular mesh.

内容简介：

Short attosecond (as) or few femtoseconds (fs) pulses have a broad enough energy bandwidth for exciting a superposition of several electronic states in neutral molecules and molecular cations. This opens the way to engineering electronic coherences to steer charge migration through the selective localization the electronic density on its purely electronic time scale. As the nuclei begin to move, the electronic and nuclear motions are entangled and the engineered electronic coherences can be usefully exploited for control by steering the vibronic density through the network of non adiabatic interactions to specific products.

I will discuss several examples illustrating the role of initial entanglement and the features of the force on the nuclei exerted by the vibronic wave packet after excitation with an attopulse, in the case of the fragmentation of diatomic molecules and in making bonds in the photoinduced isomerization of norbornadiene into quadricyclane. I will then report on the force on the nuclei and the stereodynamics, first in an ensemble of initially randomly oriented LiH molecules photoexcited by a short CEP controlled IR pulse. Next, I will discuss our recent results on the forces driving the ultrafast Ja-hn-Teller structural rearrangement of the methane cation induced by X-UV photoionization of an ensemble of neutral CH4 molecules to a superposition of the three lowest states of the cation.

内容简介：

Epigenetic alterations in tumor cells are widespread and impact tumorigenesis. Beyond their role in tumor cells, emerging evidences underscore the influence of epigenetic dysregulation on the TME, enabling adaptation to immune and metabolic stresses during tumor development. SETD2 is a primary histone H3K36 trimethyl-transferase, with mutations and/or copy number variation (C-NV) being prevalent in various tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. Our previous studies link SETD2 deficiency to pancreatic tumorigenesis and immune evasion. How SETD2-deficient pancreatic tumor cells adapted to metabolic stress during development remain poorly understood. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify a lipid-laden C-AF subpopulation marked by ABCA8a in Setd2-deficient pancreatic tum-ors. Our findings reveal that tumor-intrinsic SETD2 loss unleashes BMP-2 signaling via ectopic gain of H3K-27Ac, leading to CAFs differentiati-on toward lipid-rich phenotype. Lipid-laden CAFs then enhance tumor progression by providing lipids for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via ABCA8a transporter. Together, our study links CAF heterogeneity to epigenetic dysregulation in tumor cells, highlighting a previously unappreciated metabolic interaction between CAFs and pancreatic tumor cells.  Our findings illuminated the role of SETD2 loss in reshaping CAFs to support tumor energy demands, suggesting OXPHOS targeting as a potential strategy for SET-D2-deficient PDAC patients.

内容简介：

本报告以历时性角度梳理了高中教育改革的发展历程与关键事件，分析了高中学校发展的机遇与挑战。在此基础上，以研制者的角度对北京市当前高中教发展政策进行了深度剖析，明晰了以课程系统创新为底层逻辑，推动北京市高中学校实现优质特色发展的意图和策略，对未来发展进行了展望。

内容简介：

本次报告从中华民族共同体意识与新文科建设的双重视角出发，分析了西北民族音乐文化传承与创新的必要性及现实困境，提出了包括政策倡导、机构队伍建设、深入学习与研究、整理与记录、文化教育推广以及创新发展在内的多维度措施。通过技术与文化的融合、跨学科合作、版权保护等问题的思考，展望了未来西北民族音乐文化传承与创新的发展方向。本汇报旨在促进西北民族音乐文化的繁荣发展，为构建人类命运共同体贡献中国智慧，同时强调高校在文化传承与创新中的重要使命。