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Science, 25 OCT 2024, VOL 386, ISSUE 6720
《科学》2024年10月25日，第386卷，6720期
地球科学Earth Science
The fastest-growing and most destructive fires in the US (2001 to 2020)
美国增长最快、最具破坏性的火灾（2001~2020年）
▲ 作者：JENNIFER K. BALCH, VIRGINIA IGLESIAS, ADAM L. MAHOOD, MAXWELL C. COOK, CIBELE AMARAL, AMY DECASTRO, ET AL.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk5737
▲ 摘要：
美国历史上最具破坏性、最致命的野火来势汹汹。
利用卫星数据，研究组分析了2001年至2020年美国本土6万多起火灾的日增长率。近一半的生态区经历了破坏性的快速火灾，大火在一天内蔓延了1620多公顷。这些火灾造成78%的建筑物被毁，占灭火费用的61%（189亿美元）。
从2001年到2020年，美国西部这些火灾的平均峰值日增长率翻了一倍多（相对于2001年增长249%）。在此期间，美国有近300万栋建筑物距离一场快速火灾不到4千米。鉴于最近毁灭性的野火，了解快速火灾对于改进消防策略和社区准备至关重要。
▲ Abstract：
The most destructive and deadly wildfires in US history were also fast. Using satellite data, we analyzed the daily growth rates of more than 60,000 fires from 2001 to 2020 across the contiguous US. Nearly half of the ecoregions experienced destructive fast fires that grew more than 1620 hectares in 1 day. These fires accounted for 78% of structures destroyed and 61% of suppression costs ($18.9 billion). From 2001 to 2020, the average peak daily growth rate for these fires more than doubled (+249% relative to 2001) in the Western US. Nearly 3 million structures were within 4 kilometers of a fast fire during this period across the US. Given recent devastating wildfires, understanding fast fires is crucial for improving firefighting strategies and community preparedness.
Jennifer K. Balch et al. ,The fastest-growing and most destructive fires in the US (2001 to 2020).Science386,425-431(2024).DOI:10.1126/science.adk5737
来源：科学网
