认知症长者会逐渐丧失某些技能，可能导致在家中突发情况，本期科普带你走进认知症的世界，学习如何打造居家环境。
对于认知症长者来说，组织工作非常重要，有几种方法可以让家里更加有秩序条理：
耘林适老化家居实景
· 将物品存放在容易寻找的地方，避免使用有很多抽屉和门的柜子。
· 在橱柜门、抽屉和罐子上使用照片、图片或标签。
· 挂一个备忘板，写下需要注意的事项和日程。
· 增加入户识别物，将自己喜欢的小摆件放在门口，避免认错门户。
耘林适老化家居实景
· 确保色彩对比，以帮助区分物体。选择与门不同颜色的门把手。在白色电灯开关周围使用彩色边框，在原本白色的浴室中使用红色的马桶盖，在白色餐桌上摆放彩色的餐具。
耘林适老化家居实景
· 在显眼的地方挂一块钟表。可以显示日历功能或上午、下午和晚上有指示灯的时钟会更有效。
示意图
· 一些儿童安全预防事项对认知症长者也很有用。可以考虑使用门塞或门夹来防止手指被夹住。或者使用门窗可调节装置或开窗器，让门窗只能打开八到十厘米。
· 将危险物品存放在带锁的柜子里，如有毒的清洁剂或电钻。
过多的刺激会让人焦躁不安：
· 避免地板、地毯、墙纸和窗帘上有繁杂的印花和图案。
耘林适老化家居实景
· 对于电视屏幕或照片，认知症长者可能会认为有人在监视他们。在这种情况下，将电视和照片放在可以关闭的柜子里。
耘林适老化家居实景
· 遮住易反光或引起光线刺激的镜面。例如，取下镜子，在易反光的桌子或地板上铺上桌布或（地）毯。
原文参考
Checklist: Safe and Comfortable Living at Home with Dementia
Dementia causes a gradual loss of certain skills, which can lead to problems and unsafe situations at home. Fortunately, there are many solutions and adjustments that can be considered.
1) Ensure Organization in the Home and Minimize Stimuli
Organization is important for someone with dementia. There are several ways to make the home more organized:
· Store items in logical and recognizable places.
· Avoid cabinets with many drawers and doors.
· Use photos, pictograms, or labels on (cabinet) doors, drawers, and jars.
· Hang a memo board to write down reminders and appointments.
· Place a clock where it is visible. Sometimes, a clock with a calendar function or indicators for morning, afternoon, and evening can be more effective.
· Ensure color contrast to help distinguish objects. Choose a door handle that is a different color from the door. Use a colored border around a white light switch, a red toilet seat in an otherwise white bathroom, and colored dishes on a white table.
· Some solutions that are safe for small children are also useful for someone with dementia. Consider door stoppers or door clamps to prevent fingers from getting caught. Or use window ventilation devices or window openers to allow a window or door to open only eight to ten centimeters.
· Store dangerous items in a lockable cabinet, such as toxic cleaning agents or a drill.
2) How to Reduce Stimuli
Too many stimuli can make someone restless and anxious.
· Avoid busy prints and patterns in carpets, rugs, wallpaper, and curtains.
· Cover glossy and reflective surfaces. For example, remove mirrors and place a (floor) rug on a shiny table or floor.
· With TV screens or photos, someone with dementia might think someone is watching them. In such cases, place the TV and photos in a cabinet that can be closed.
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策划：秦林林
编辑：周小意
编审：姚倩玉、云京、安德烈·雅阁
