be动词是我们必须掌握的一个重要概念，由于be动词形式多变，所以给很多同学的英语学习造成了一定的困难。下面，老师就给同学们讲解一下什么是be动词。
be动词的概念
be动词是系动词的一种，是与一般动词（实义动词）相区别的概念。一般动词表示具体的动作，如：walk, read, stand等等；而be动词不是动作，它通常与名词、形容词或其它词类一起表示主语的性质、状态、身份、特点等等。
be动词在不同的句子中有不同的中文意义，一般用来表示“是”的意思，也可表示“成为”的意思，当be作为助动词时，没有具体含义。
be动词除了原形的“be”之外，还有七种不同的形式，如：现在式有am, are, is三种，过去式有was和were两种，,现在分词being与过去分词been只有一种形式。
be动词用法-基础篇
一、Be动词am, is, are
1）当句子的主语是第一人称单数时，用am。
I am Li Ming. 我是李明。
2）当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，用is。
This is a map. 这是一张地图。
3）当句子的主语是第二人称单数和所有人称的复数时，用are。
Are you Jenny? 你是詹妮吗？
Li Ming and Danny are good friends. 李明和丹尼是好朋友。
主谓一致重点考点：be动词的选择由句子主语的人称和数量决定。
口诀1：
Be动词有三个，
am, is还有are.
我用am, 你用are,
is连着他he，她she，它it，
单数、不可数用is，
一切复数都用are。
如果遇到过去时，
was来把am, is替，
were来换掉动词are。
二、be动词的句型及变化
1）be动词的句型
1. 肯定句：主语＋be＋其他.
I am a teacher.
You are right.
She is 16 years old.
The cat is fat.
My father is at home.
The students are playing games.
My teacher was ill yesterday.
There is a picture on the wall.
There are two books on the table.
2. 否定句：主语＋be＋not＋其他.
I am not a teacher.
You're not right.
She is not 16 years old.
The cat is not fat.
My father is not at home.
The students are not playing games.
My teacher wasn't ill yesterday.
There is not a picture on the wall.
There aren't two books on the table.
3. 一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋其他?
①肯定句变一般疑问句：
•Are you a teacher?
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
•Are you right?
Yes, I am(we are). / No, I'm not(we aren't).
•Is she 16 years old?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
•Is the cat fat?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.（英语中习惯将猫用she）
•Is your father at home?
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
•Are the students playing games?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
•Was your teacher ill yesterday.
Yes, he(she) was. / No, he(she) wasn't .
•Is there a picture on the wall?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
•Are there two books on the desk?
Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
②否定句变一般疑问句时，有两种形式。
第一种：be动词+主语+not+其他?（这种形式通常用于正式文体中。）
•Are you not a teacher? 你不是老师吗？
Yes, I am. 不，我是。 / No, I'm not. 是的，我不是。
第二种：be动词与not的缩略式+主语+其他?（这种形式通常用于非正式文体或口语中。）
•Aren't you a teacher?
Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
否定一般疑问句回答：若事实是肯定的，用yes回答；若事实是否定的，就用no来回答，不过yes要翻译成“不”，no要翻译成“是的”。
否定句属于陈述句中的一种，因此否定句变一般疑问句与陈述句变一般疑问句原则相同：通常情况下，陈述句在变一般疑问句时，需要把I和we变成you，把my和our变成your。这是因为，实际生活中自己问自己的情况还是相对少见的。
4. 特殊疑问句：疑问词（what / how/ who / when / where等）＋be＋主语＋其他?
What is your name?
What are you doing？
What color is it？
How are you？
How old are you？
Who is Hungry?
When is it?
where are they？
5. 祈使句：Be+其他 / Do be+其他 ; Don't be+其他
注释：be动词的祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式。肯定形式是以be动词开头，而否定形式或强调句形，要加don't 或do。
Be a good boy! 做个好孩子！
Be careful! 小心！
Do be careful. 一定要小心！
Do be obedient! 一定要服从！
Don't be silly! 别傻了！
Don't be a fool! 别傻了！
2）be动词句型转换步骤：
1. 肯定句改否定句
①找到句子中的be动词(am, is, are)；
②在be动词后加not。
2. 肯定句变为一般疑问句
①找到句子中的be动词(am, is, are)；
②把be动词提至句首；
③如果句中有第一人称(I, we, my, mine, our, ours)要改成第二人称(you, your, yours)。
3. 肯定句变特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问）
①找到相应的特殊疑问词代替画线部分；
②按照特殊疑问词+be动词(am, is, are)+主语+其他?的顺序写。
口诀2：
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
变否定，更容易，be 后not莫忘记。
疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。
三、Be动词缩略形式
1）缩略式
I am → I'm
You are → You're
He is → He's
She is → She's
It is → It's
We are → We're
You are → You're
They are → They're
否定缩略式
I am not → I'm not
You are not → You aren't → You're not
He is not → He isn't → He's not
She is not → She isn't → She's not
It is not → It isn't → It's not
we are not → We aren't → We're not
You are not → You aren't → You're not
They are not → They aren't → They're not
其他缩略式
what is → what's
how is → how's
who is → who's
when is → when's
where is → where's
Tom is → Tom's
that is → that's
there is → there's
here is → here's
there are → there're
注释：跟在人称代词、指示代词、引导词 there、疑问词后的系动词am、is 和 are 都可以用缩略号 ' 缩写成 'm、's、're。
2）过去时
I was
you were
he/she/it/ was
we/you/they were
主谓一致：名词单数、不可数名词用was，复数用were。
否定缩略式
wasn't=was not, weren't=were not
3）不能缩略
1. am与not不可缩写。
2. this与is，these, those与are不能缩写。
3. are一般不与名词、特殊疑问词缩写。
4. 在一般疑问句的肯定回答中，句末的am, is, are不能与主语缩写，且主语应由代词主格充当。如：Yes, I am.
5. 在一般疑问句的否定回答中，人们习惯将be动词和not缩写在一起，如：No, she isn't。但注意am与not不可缩写，此时应写为No, I'm not.
6. 由于习惯表达问题，why一般不与be动词缩写。
7. 不能同时使用两个缩写形式。
8. there are可以缩写成there're，但here are一般还是用原型，而不将其缩写为here're。
9. be的过去式was, were一般不可与主语缩写，不可以缩写的原因是，缩写的话会造成时态混淆。
be动词用法-升级篇
一、系动词be
be可以用作连系动词，中心词义是“是”，句型为“主＋系＋表”结构。
be的形式常用：
1）am, is, are(现在式)
He is a student.（一般现在时）
他是一名学生。
I am teaching English now.（现在进行时）
我现在正在教英语。
2）was, were(过去式)
I was at home yesterday.（一般过去时）
我昨天在家里。
They were in the park yesterday.（一般过去时）
他们昨天在公园里。
3）will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词＋原形)
It will be sunny tomorrow.（一般将来时）
明天天气晴朗.
A good book can be satisfying. （一般现在时）
一本好书是令人满意的。
4）have/has/had been(助动词＋过去分词)
He has been ill for six days.（现在完成时）
他病了六天了。
It had been three hours before she left the hat shop.（过去完成时）
她离开帽子店已经三个小时了。
注意：其他两类系动词
1. 感官动词：look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel等；
He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
2. 趋势动词：
保持：stay, keep, remain, rest, lie, stand等；
He always keeps silent at meeting.
他在会议上总是保持沉默。
改变：become, turn, come, go, get, grow等；
She became a teacher.
她成为了一名教师。
二、助动词be
Be可以用作助动词，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。
用法如下：
1）be+doing：构成进行时态。
He is reading in the library now.（现在进行时）
他现在在图书馆读书。
She was reading book at this time yesterday.（过去进行时）
她昨天这个时间正在看书。
They will be arriving in Beijing tomorrow.（将来进行时）
他们明天将抵达北京。
We have been learning English for ten years.（现在完成进行时）
我们已经学习英语十年了。
2）be+done：构成被动语态（主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词）。
He is believed by us.（一般现在时的被动语态）
我们相信他。
This building was built three years ago.（一般过去时的被动语态）
这幢楼是三年前造的。
The letter has been received by him.（现在完成时的被动语态）
他已经收到了这封信。
He may be criticized by his father.（含情态动词的被动语态）
他可能会受到父亲的批评。
This is a day never to be forgotten.（动词不定式的被动语态）
这是令人难忘的一天。
3）be+going to do：1. 表示“打算或将要做某事”，be有现在和过去两种形式。
We are going to plant trees in the park tomorrow.
明天我们将到公园里去种树。
I didn't know if she was going to come here.
我不知道她是否到这里来。
2. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold。
恐怕我要患重感冒。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了
注意：表示天气要怎么样了，一定要用be going to 的结构。如：It's going to rain.
4）be+to do：1. 表示“按计划安排将要做某事”，不出意外肯定将做某事。
She is to be married next month.
她将于下个月结婚。
They are to go travelling in August.
他们计划八月份去旅游。
2. 还表示“必须”、“应该”、“意图”、“可能”、“注定”、“假设”、“期待将来”等。
This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over.（表必须）
这个淘气的男孩必须在这里站到下课。
You are to report this to the police.（表应该）
你应该报警。
If you are to be there on time, you had better hurry.（表意图）
要想准时到达那儿，你最好快点。
Let's see who is to win the game. （表可能）
让我们看看谁会赢得这场比赛。
You are to answer for what you have done.（表注定）
你必将为你所做的事承担后果。
If I were to do it, I would do it well.（表假设）
这件事如果我来做，我会做好它。
The actual usefulness of the newly invented equipment is still to be determined.（表期待未来）
这种新发明出来的设备的实用性如何还有待观察。
5）be+about to do：表示“即将发生的事情”，一种眼下的，马上的，最近的将来；一般不加时间状语。
Be quiet! The film is about to start.
安静！电影就要开始了。
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
我正要离开时，电话响了。
三、there be句型
be可以用在there be 句型中。there be句式为：there be+主语部分＋状语部分，表示“某处存在某物”，有现在时、过去时和将来时等时态。
There is a ruler on the desk. （现在时）
书桌上有一把尺。
There were two bikes under the tree yesterday.（过去式）
昨天树下有两辆自行车。
Will there be a football match in your school next week?（将来时）
下周你们学校将有一场足球赛吗?
主谓一致重点考点：There be句型就近原则
There be句型中，几个名词并列时，be的单复数形式由最靠近它的那个名词单复数决定。
如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
本句中有钢笔、书和铅笔，离be最近的是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。
又如：there is a book and three cats. 有一本书和三只猫。
反过来：there are three cats and a book. 有三只猫和一本书。
四、实义动词be
Be可以视为实义动词,因为它具有实际的词义,如“成为；做；发生；举行；逗留；到达”等。
His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.（成为）
他的女儿在二十多岁的时候想成为一名动物医生。
Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.（举行）
凯特的生日派对将在今晚六点半举行。
Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.（逗留，到达）
吉姆在中国已经两年多了，但他还没有去过宜昌。
典型例题
1. —Are these Anna's erasers?(作肯定回答)
—Yes, ______ ______.
【参考答案】they are
【试题解析】此题考查一般疑问句Are these/those...?的回答，用they代替these/those。
2. —Is this your eraser?
—Yes, ___________.
A. this is B. this's C. It's D. it is
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】此题考查一般疑问句Is this...? 的回答，用it代替this，并且肯定回答Yes, it is. 其中的it is不能缩写。
同步练习
英语be动词（am, is, are）专项练习
一、用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.
14. Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
18. The two cups of milk _____ for me.
19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. ______ David and Helen from England?
24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom?
27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. You, he and I ______ from China.
二、用be的正确形式填空。
1. I ______ at school just now（刚才）.
2. He ______ at the hotel last week.
3. We ______ students two years ago.
4. They ______ on the farm a moment ago（刚才）.
5. Yang Ling ______ eleven years old last year.
6. There ______ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ______ some milk in the fridge now.
8. The phone ______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
9. I ______ an English teacher now.
10. She ______ happy yesterday.
11. They ______ glad to see each other last month.
12. Helen and Nancy ______ good friends.
13. The little dog ______ two years old this year.
14. Look, there ______ lots of grapes here.
15. Today ______ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It ______ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.
三、按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. Those are her erasers. (改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ her erasers?
2. Is this her dictionary? (补全答语)
No, ________ ________.
3. Kate Green is my friend. (对画线部分提问)
________ is ________ friend?
4. Her QQ number is 50347289. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ her QQ number?
5. This is their school. (改为同义句)
This school ________ ________.
四、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1. ——那是你的笔记本吗？
——是的。
—________ ________ your notebook?
—Yes, ________ ________.
2. 这些是琳达的书吗？
________ these ________ books?
3. 他的橡皮是什么颜色？
________ ________ ________ his eraser?
4. ——他是玛丽的爸爸吗？
——不，他不是。
—________ ________ Mary’s father?
—No, ________ ________.
5. 那个盒子不是他的。
That box ________ ________.
参考答案：
一、用恰当的be动词填空。
1. I (am) a boy. (Are) you a boy? No, I (am) not.
2. The girl (is) Jack's sister.
3. The dog (is) tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes (is) a teacher.
5. (Is) your brother in the classroom?
6. Where (is) your mother? She (is) at home.
7. How (is) your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao (are) at school.
9. Whose dress (is) this?
10. Whose socks (are) they?
11. That (is) my red skirt.
12. Who (am) I?
13. The jeans (are) on the desk.
14. Here (is) a scarf for you.
15. Here (are) some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves (are) for Su Yang.
17. This pair of gloves (is) for Yang Ling.
18. The two cups of milk (are) for me.
19. Some tea (is) in the glass.
20. Gao shan's shirt (is) over there.
21. My sister's name (is) Nancy.
22. This (is) not Wang Fang's pencil.
23. (Are) David and Helen from England?
24. There (is) a girl in the room.
25. There (are) some apples on the tree.
26. (Are) there any kites in the classroom?
27. (Is) there any apple juice in the bottle?
28. There (is) some bread on the plate.
29. There (is) a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
30. You, he and I (are) from China.
二、用be的正确形式填空。
1. I (was) at school just now.
2. He (was) at the hotel last week.
3. We (were) students two years ago.
4. They (were) on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling (was) eleven years old last year.
6. There (was) an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There (is) some milk in the fridge now.
8. The phone (was) on the sofa yesterday evening.
9. I (am) an English teacher now.
10. She (was) happy yesterday.
11. They (were) glad to see each other last month.
12. Helen and Nancy (are) good friends.
13. The little dog (is) two years old this year.
14. Look, there (are) lots of grapes here.
15. Today (is) the second of June. Yesterday (was) the first of June. It (was) Children's Day. All the students (were) very excited.
三、按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. Are those
2. it isn't
3. Who；your
4. What is
5. is theirs
四、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1. Is that；it is
2. Are；Linda's
3. What color is
4. Is he；he isn't
5. isn't his
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