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XUE Tao¹, ZHANG Caiyun¹, SUN Dayang¹, CHEN Chunsheng¹, YU Kaichang¹, HUANG Xia²

(1.Beijing Origin Water Technology Co., Ltd., 102206;　2.School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084:Beijing,  China)

Abstract: To investigate a new approach to improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal by DPAOs and DGAOs, a pilot scale study using novel vibrating MBR (V-MBR) combined with precise aeration and recirculation control was conducted in a traditional air sparging MBR (AS-MBR) municipal wastewater treatment plant. When MLSS of the membrane tank was 12～15 g/L and membrane flux was 20 L/(m²·h), the TMP of the V-MBR kept at 10～25 kPa stably and its average energy consumption was 0.042 kWh/m³, which was 61.8% lower than that of the AS-MBR. Under the precise aeration and recirculation control, the DO concentrations in the front and rear part of the aerobic tank of the V-MBR were lower than 0.5 mg/L and 0.3～1.2 mg/L, respectively. The nitrate concentrations in the rear part of the anoxic tank and in the anaerobic tank of the V-MBR were 2～3 mg/L and nearly 0 mg/L, respectively. The DO and nitrate environment conditions in the V-MBR favored the synthesis and utilization of intracellular carbon sources. The effects of denitrifying phosphorus removal and endogenous denitrification were significantly enhanced in the V-MBR with precise control. The ratio of the anoxic phosphorus uptake to the sum of the anoxic and the aerobic phosphorus uptake of the V-MBR was higher than 40%. The endogenous nitrogen removal in the post-anoxic tank of the V-MBR was 1～3 mg/L higher than that of the AS-MBR. The final TN concentration in the effluent of the V-MBR was 3～6 mg/L lower than that of the AS-MBR. After adding sodium acetate in the anaerobic tank, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the V-MBR was further enhanced and the TN and TP concentrations in the effluent were lower than 5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. The comparative abundance of the nitrifiers, denitrifiers, DPAOs and DGAOs of the V-MBR were 0.76%, 1.15%, 1.96% and 0.58% higher than those of the AS-MBR, respectively. Dechloromonas and Candidatus Competibacter were the main DPAOs and DGAOs genus, respectively.

Keywords:vibrating MBR; precise control; denitrifying phosphorus removal; endogenous denitrification; nitrogen and phosphorus removal

近年来，利用反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）与反硝化聚糖菌（DGAOs）强化污水脱氮除磷成为了研究热点，其关键是提升内碳源的合成与利用效率。本研究基于自主开发的振动MBR与精确控制技术，在处理城镇污水的曝气MBR工艺再生水厂内开展了处理水量为24 m³/d的振动MBR工艺结合精确控制中试，探索一种强化DPAOs与DGAOs内碳源脱氮除磷的新工艺手段。

振动MBR中试装置工艺流程示意图

振动MBR中试装置在膜池MLSS为12~15 g/L、膜通量为20 L/(m²·h)的运行条件下，TMP稳定保持在10~25 kPa，膜振动电机平均电耗为0.042 kWh/m³，比水厂曝气MBR膜吹扫风机电耗降低了61.8%。振动MBR的膜污染控制效果良好，节能优势显著。

应用精确曝气控制，实现好氧池前端DO低于0.5 mg/L，后端DO保持在0.3~1.2 mg/L。在保证出水COD与氨氮达标的基础上，严格控制好氧池曝气量及DO环境浓度，有利于保护DGAOs胞内碳源储备，减少好氧池出口DO对前后缺氧池的负面影响，并节省曝气能耗；应用精确回流控制，实现前缺氧池后端硝氮保持在2~3 mg/L，厌氧池硝氮接近0 mg/L。将前缺氧池后端硝氮浓度控制在适度水平，既能保证污水碳源的充分利用又能节省回流能耗，同时能尽量减少硝氮经前缺氧池回流至厌氧池竞争利用VFAs，从而促进DPAOs与DGAOs合成胞内碳源。

精确曝气控制效果

精确回流控制效果

振动MBR工艺结合精确控制技术显著强化了反硝化除磷与内源反硝化作用，中试缺氧吸磷量占缺氧与好氧吸磷量之和的比例超过了40%，后缺氧池内源反硝化脱氮量较水厂提升了1～3 mg/L，最终出水总氮较水厂降低了3～6 mg/L。在中试厌氧池投加15mg/LCOD浓度的乙酸钠后系统脱氮除磷效果进一步提升，出水总氮与总磷分别稳定低于5 mg/L与0.5 mg/L，未投加化学除磷药剂。考虑工程应用经济性，采用初沉/剩余污泥发酵等低成本的方式获得VFAs投加至厌氧池促进DPAOs与DGAOs合成胞内碳源具有实用价值与发展潜力。微生物高通量测序结果也证实了中试系统的脱氮除磷能力得到强化，中试的硝化菌、反硝化菌、DPAOs与DGAOs相对丰度分别比水厂提高了0.76%、1.15%、1.96%与0.58%，其中Dechloromonas与Candidatus Competibacter分别为主要的DPAOs与DGAOs菌属。

　　1）采用厌氧-前缺氧-好氧-后缺氧-振动MBR工艺促进活性污泥内碳源合成与利用，振动MBR是以机械振动代替传统曝气吹扫方式控制膜污染的新型MBR技术，既保留了传统MBR的高截留效率、高污泥浓度等优点又避免了曝气吹扫导致膜池高DO影响脱氮等问题，同时运行能耗显著降低。

　　2）采用精确曝气与回流控制技术精细化控制好氧池DO与硝氮回流量，保证良好稳定的厌氧、缺氧、好氧环境，进一步提升内碳源合成与利用效率。

　　3）中试结果表明，振动MBR工艺结合精确控制技术显著强化了反硝化除磷与内源反硝化作用，污泥中硝化菌、反硝化菌、DPAOs与DGAOs菌属相对丰度升高，工艺脱氮除磷效率升高。

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DOI：10.16796/j.cnki.1000⁃3770.2024.10.018