2024年9月21日，北京林业大学园林学院在垂花门中庭举办了题为“非洲文化遗产：机遇与挑战”的讲座。本次讲座受到中华人民共和国联合国教科文组织全国委员会秘书处的支持。本次讲座邀请了肯尼亚常驻联合国教科文组织大使衔代表彼得·恩古雷教授 （Peter Ngure）进行演讲。同时，中华人民共和国联合国教科文组织全国委员会秘书处科学文化处项目官员张倩茹女士，北京林业大学园林学院党委书记李亚军作为嘉宾出席。讲座由曹新副教授主持，吴丹子副教授、郭子静老师也出席了讲座。此次讲座是研究生学科前沿性专题课程讲座之一，是研究生课程《世界遗产保护理论发展与规划设计》的延展。
On September 21, 2024, the School of Landscape Architecture at Beijing Forestry University held a lecture titled "African Cultural Heritage: Opportunities and Challenges" at the Atrium of Floral-Pendant Gate in the Research Building. The lecture featured distinguished guests, including Professor Peter Ngure, the Permanent Delegate of Kenya to UNESCO; Ms. Zhang Qianru, Programme Officer, Division of Sciences, Culture and CI, National Commission of the People's Republic of China for UNESCO; and Yajun Li, Secretary of Party Committee, the School of Landscape Architecture at Beijing Forestry University. The event was hosted by Associate Professor Xin Cao, with attendance from Associate Professor Danzi Wu and Teacher Zijing Guo. This lecture is part of the Frontier Thematic Lecture series for graduate courses and serves as an extension of the course "World Heritage Conservation Development and Planning & Design."
主讲人简介
Biography of the Lecturer
彼得·恩古雷，现任肯尼亚常驻联合国教科文组织大使衔代表，极具战略思维、变革领导力、研究和外交能力。曾担任肯尼亚利穆鲁圣保罗大学学术事务副校长四年，并于2015年至2018年在非洲人口与健康研究中心担任非洲高级研究培训联盟（CARTA）项目经理。他还在晨星大学担任科学、工程与健康学院院长十年。彼得·恩古雷教授拥有乔莫·肯雅塔农业技术大学的寄生虫学和昆虫学博士学位，具有超过25年的大学教学、研究、能力建设和管理经验，曾在四所私立大学和一所公立大学工作，并在超过50份同行评审期刊上发表论文。
Ambassador Professor Peter Ngure is a strategic thinker, a transformative leader, a researcher, and a diplomat. He is Kenya’s ambassador to UNESCO in Paris, France. He served as the Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Academic Affairs at St. Paul’s University, Limuru, Kenya for four years and as Programme Manager, of the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) at the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) from 2015 to 2018. Ambassador Ngure served as a Dean at School of Science, Engineering, and Health at Daystar University for ten years. He holds a Ph.D. in Parasitology and Entomology from the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. He has over 25 years of experience in university-level teaching, research, research capacity building, and administration in 4 chartered private universities and one public university in Kenya and publications in over 50 peer-reviewed journals.
嘉宾致辞
Guest Remarks
在本次讲座开场致辞中，李亚军书记对肯尼亚常驻联合国教科文组织大使衔代表彼得·恩古雷教授及项目官员张倩茹女士表示热烈欢迎，赞赏嘉宾在遗产保护领域的贡献。致辞中提到，自1972年以来，联合国教科文组织建立了《世界遗产名录》，我国积极参与并贡献力量；结合今天的主题，他强调了非洲历史和文化遗产保护的重要性。致辞中还指出我院在积极拓展国际交流与合作，与ICCROM达成合作建立国际联合实验室，并将在10月共同举办遗产与景观保护大会。最后，李亚军书记表达了“他山之石，可以攻玉”的观点，并对我院未来遗产保护方面取得更多成果表示期待，同时鼓励同学们更加深入地关注和思考文化遗产。
At the opening speech of this lecture, Secretary Yajun Li warmly welcomed Professor Peter Ngure, the Kenyan Ambassador to UNESCO, and Programme Officer Qianru Zhang, highlighting their contribution to the field of heritage protection. He mentioned that since 1972, UNESCO has established the World Heritage List, and our country has actively participated and contributed to this initiative. Regarding the topic of today's lecture, he emphasized the importance of the conservation of Africa's historical and cultural heritage. Secretary Li also noted our school’s collaboration with ICCROM to establish an International Joint Lab and to co-organize the heritage and landscape conservation conference. Lastly, he expressed the view that "Stones from other hills can polish jade", looked forward to more achievements in heritage conservation and encouraged students to deepen their interest and reflection on cultural heritage.
中华人民共和国联合国教科文组织全国委员会秘书处科学文化处项目官员张倩茹女士也热情致辞，她强调了联合国教科文组织的历史贡献，并强调中国在遗产保护方面的积极作用。她庆祝了最近三处中国遗产地的入选，包括北京中轴线、巴丹吉林沙漠和中国黄（渤）海候鸟栖息地（第二期），进入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。张女士热烈欢迎恩古雷大使，赞赏他在文化遗产保护方面的丰富专业知识以及他在全球范围内倡导非洲遗产的重要作用。她同时感谢园林学院提供了这个桥梁来增进遗产的理解和共识，并期待更多的交流和合作。
Qianru ZHANG, Programme Officer, Division of Sciences, Culture and CI, National Commission of the People’s Republic of China for UNESCO, also briefly addressed. She highlighted the historical contributions of UNESCO and emphasized China's active role in heritage conservation. She congratulates China for the recent inclusion of three Chinese sites, including the Beijing Central Axis, Badain Jaran Desert and Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China（II）, on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Ms. Zhang Qianru warmly welcomed Ambassador Ngure, acknowledging his vast expertise in cultural heritage conservation and his vital role in advocating for African heritage at a global level. She also thanked the School of Landscape Architecture for creating this bridge to deepen understanding and foster consensus around heritage, and she looks forward to more exchanges and collaborations.
讲座主要内容
Main Content of Lecture
恩古雷教授的演讲聚焦非洲的文化遗产，从历史遗址到口头传统等无形和有形的元素，阐述了这些文化遗产在培养文化自豪感和促进经济机会（如旅游业）中的重要作用。他指出了一个现象：尽管非洲的54个国家占据了世界20%的土地面积，但在联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录中，非洲的文化遗产只占了9%，这明显显示了非洲丰富的文化财富与其在世界遗产名录中的代表性之间的不平衡。
Prof. Ngure’s lecture focused on Africa’s cultural heritage, shedding light on both its tangible and intangible elements—ranging from historic sites to oral traditions—and the vital role they play in fostering cultural pride and economic opportunities such as tourism. He presented the disparity between Africa’s vast cultural wealth and its under-representation on the UNESCO World Heritage List, where Africa’s 54 countries account for just 9% of the inscribed sites, despite occupying 20% of the world’s landmass.
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非洲的文化财富
Africa’s Cultural Wealth
非洲拥有丰富多样的文化和自然遗产，其中包括有形的元素如纪念碑，以及无形的元素如传统、语言和习俗。这些丰富的遗产不仅培养了国家自豪感，还支持了旅游业的发展，并提供了教育机会。
Africa is home to diverse cultural and natural heritage, including both tangible elements like monuments and intangible elements such as traditions, languages, and customs. This rich heritage fosters national pride, supports tourism, and offers educational opportunities.
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相关联合国教科文组织公约
Related UNESCO Conventions
恩古雷教授讨论了非洲参与联合国教科文组织的世界遗产和非物质文化遗产公约，他指出，虽然非洲占全球陆地面积的20%，但非洲的文化遗址在全球世界遗产名录中只占大约12%。他主张非洲应有更多的提名来纠正这一不平衡。
Professor Ngure discussed Africa's participation in UNESCO's World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Conventions, pointing out that while Africa accounts for 20% of the world's landmass, African cultural sites make up only about 12% of the global World Heritage List. He advocated for increased nominations from Africa to address this imbalance.
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非洲文化遗产的机遇
Opportunities for African Cultural Heritage
恩古雷教授强调了文化遗产在促进经济发展方面的潜力，尤其是通过文化旅游这一尚未充分开发的领域可以为青年和女性提供就业机会，并有助于知识的代际传递。他认为，通过恰当地保护和利用文化遗产，不仅可以保护这些宝贵的文化资源，还能促进当地社区的经济发展和社会进步。
He emphasized the potential of cultural heritage in promoting economic development, particularly through cultural tourism. This underdeveloped sector can provide employment opportunities for youth and women, and it can also contribute to the intergenerational transfer of knowledge. He believes that by appropriately protecting and utilizing cultural heritage, not only can these invaluable cultural resources be preserved, but it can also foster economic development and social progress within local communities.
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非洲文化遗产保存的挑战
Challenges in African Cultural Heritage Preservation
非洲文化遗产保护面临多重挑战，包括保护与基础设施发展的平衡、气候变化的影响、预算分配不足以及遗产财产的保护状态。此外，遗产遗址的管理、社会动荡、提取行业的影响、非法牲畜偷猎对动植物的威胁，以及专业领域中的性别不平衡，都是亟须解决的问题。最终，代际传承也需要关注，以确保文化遗产的持续性。
The protection of African cultural heritage faces multiple challenges, including balancing conservation with infrastructural development, the impacts of climate change, insufficient budget allocations, and the state of heritage properties. Additionally, management of heritage sites, civil unrest, the effects of extractive industries, threats to flora and fauna from illegal livestock poaching, and gender imbalance in the professional field are pressing issues. Ultimately, intergenerational transmission must also be addressed to ensure the sustainability of cultural heritage.
讨论及互动环节 Discussion and Interactive Session
短暂休息后，会议转入互动讨论，嘉宾和与会者就非洲的遗产价值传播、如何加速将有价值的遗产列入名录、女性在保护工作中的作用、青年人在保护领域的机遇等进行了讨论。恩古雷大使和张女士就这些话题发表了见解，鼓励更多年轻人参与全球遗产保护工作，并强调该领域为所有性别提供包容性机会的重要性，以及联合国教科文组织遗产提名的竞争性程序。
After a short break, the session transitioned into an interactive discussion; guests and participants had a discussion about the communication of heritage value in Africa, how to expedite the listing of valuable heritage, the role of women in conservation efforts, and the opportunities for youth in the field. Ambassador Ngure and Ms. Zhang shared their insights on these topics, encouraging more young professionals to be involved in global heritage conservation efforts and emphasizing the importance of providing inclusive opportunities for all genders in this field, as well as the competitive nature of UNESCO heritage nominations.
会后，恩古雷教授和张倩茹女士饶有兴致地参观了北京林业大学校园，他们十分赞赏校园的美丽、北林的发展、北林在遗产和景观保护方面的优势。大家期待将来在遗产保护领域有更多的交流互鉴，合作共享。
After the meeting, Prof. Ngure and Ms. Zhang Qianru had an enthusiastic tour of the Beijing Forestry University campus. They expressed their admiration for the beauty of the campus, the development of BJFU, and its strengths in heritage and landscape preservation. Everyone looks forward to more exchanges and collaborative opportunities in the field of heritage conservation in the future.
来源：园林学院风景园林系
供稿：葛星言 Abdullahi Isa Adamu 曹 新
责编：苏 洁 孙 艳
审核：庞瑀锡
