我们在知识星球上创建的音视频技术社群关键帧的音视频开发圈已经运营了一段时间了,在这里大家可以一起交流和分享音视频技术知识和实战方案。我们会不定期整理一些音视频相关的面试题,汇集一份音视频面试题集锦(可进入免费订阅)。也会循序渐进地归纳总结音视频技术知识,绘制一幅音视频知识图谱(可进入免费订阅)。
下面是第 36 期面试题精选:
1、iOS 使用 CoreText 渲染字体的时候,如何计算字体所需要的高度? 2、iOS 中的相册是如何实现慢动作视频的存储? 3、Android 系统的字体渲染方案? 4、如何使用 ffprobe 快速获取视频每一帧的信息?
1、iOS 使用 CoreText 渲染字体的时候,如何计算字体所需要的高度?
主要是使用 CTFramesetterSuggestFrameSizeWithConstraints 计算文本的高度和宽度,记得要给CTFramesetterRef 设置相关的属性(行间距和自动换行)。
以下是使用 CoreText 绘制并计算文本高度的 Objective-C 代码示例:
NSString *text = @"This\nis\nsome\nmulti-line\nsample\ntext."
UIFont *uiFont = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Helvetica" size:17.0];
CTFontRef ctFont = CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef) uiFont.fontName, uiFont.pointSize, NULL);
// 设置行间距
CGFloat leading = uiFont.lineHeight - uiFont.ascender + uiFont.descender;
CTParagraphStyleSetting LineSpacing;
LineSpacing.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment;
LineSpacing.value = &leading;
LineSpacing.valueSize = sizeof(CGFloat);
// 设置换行模式
CTParagraphStyleSetting lineBreakMode;
CTLineBreakMode lineBreak = kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping;
lineBreakMode.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode;
lineBreakMode.value = &lineBreak;
lineBreakMode.valueSize = sizeof(CTLineBreakMode);
CTParagraphStyleSetting paragraphSettings[] = {lineBreakMode,LineSpacing};
CTParagraphStyleRef paragraphStyle = CTParagraphStyleCreate(paragraphSettings, 2);
CFRange textRange = CFRangeMake(0, text.length);
CFMutableAttributedStringRef string = CFAttributedStringCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, text.length);
CFAttributedStringReplaceString(string, CFRangeMake(0, 0), (CFStringRef) text);
// 设置字体行间距和大小
CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(string, textRange, kCTFontAttributeName, ctFont);
CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(string, textRange, kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName, paragraphStyle);
CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString(string);
CFRange fitRange;
// 计算文本需要的高度
CGSize frameSize = CTFramesetterSuggestFrameSizeWithConstraints(framesetter, textRange, NULL, bounds, &fitRange);
CFRelease(framesetter);
CFRelease(string);
2、iOS 中的相册是如何实现慢动作视频的存储?
使用 iOS 中的相册类 PHAsset 获取慢动作视频的 AVAsset ,可以看到慢动作视频实际上是一个 AVComposition 类。
将同一个视频 URL 的各个部分,创建出速度不同的 AVSegment 后,再拼接成 AVComposition 进行储存。相比给一整段视频设置相同的慢速效果,这种实现使得各个segment速度从快到慢到快,所以猜测苹果是为了实现较为丝滑的变速效果所以使用AVComposition储存。
以下是从 PHAsset 中取出的 VideoTrack 中的 Segment 结构,可以看到 URL 路径都是同一个,但是设置了不同的速度。
<__NSArrayM 0x303fe0300>(
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076dc00 timeRange [0.000,+2.397] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [0.000,+2.397]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076f720 timeRange [2.397,+0.015] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [2.397,+0.013]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076e5a0 timeRange [2.412,+0.045] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [2.410,+0.033]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076d8f0 timeRange [2.457,+0.083] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [2.443,+0.052]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076fb10 timeRange [2.540,+0.130] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [2.495,+0.065]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076e6f0 timeRange [2.670,+0.182] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [2.560,+0.068]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076fe20 timeRange [2.852,+40.662] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [2.628,+10.165]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076ea00 timeRange [43.513,+0.107] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [12.793,+0.040]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076ebc0 timeRange [43.620,+0.075] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [12.833,+0.038]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076d110 timeRange [43.695,+0.048] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [12.872,+0.030]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076eae0 timeRange [43.743,+0.027] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [12.902,+0.020]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076f9c0 timeRange [43.770,+0.008] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [12.922,+0.008]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076f100 timeRange [43.778,+0.078] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [12.930,+0.080]>,
<AVCompositionTrackSegment: 0x30076ff70 timeRange [43.857,+2.303] from trackID 1 of asset file:///var/mobile/Media/DCIM/101APPLE/IMG_1592.MOV sourceTimeRange [13.010,+2.303]>
)
3、Android 系统的字体渲染方案?
Android 中用于绘制文本的类是 android.graphics.Paint 。
Paint 可以设置颜色,字体大小,字体等属性,支持设置抗锯齿和文字对齐效果。k开发者还可以重用 Paint 对象,减少内存分配和垃圾回收的压力。
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
public class TextToImage {
public static Bitmap createImageFromText(Context context, String text, int textSize) {
// 创建一个Bitmap对象
Paint paint = new Paint();
paint.setTextSize(textSize);
paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
paint.setAntiAlias(true);
// 计算文本的宽高
float textWidth = paint.measureText(text);
float textHeight = paint.getFontMetrics().bottom - paint.getFontMetrics().top;
// 创建Bitmap,并指定宽高
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap((int) textWidth, (int) textHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
// 设置背景颜色(可选)
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
// 绘制文本
canvas.drawText(text, 0, textHeight - paint.getFontMetrics().bottom, paint);
return bitmap;
}
}
4、如何使用 ffprobe 快速获取视频每一帧信息?
ffprobe -show_packets -select_streams v -of xml input.mp4
-show_packets:此选项告诉 ffprobe 显示数据包信息。
-of xml: 设置输出格式为 XML。
输出的数据形式如下:
<packet codec_type="video" stream_index="0" pts="0" pts_time="0.000000" dts="-2002" dts_time="-0.066733" duration="1001" duration_time="0.033367" size="48064" pos="33134" flags="K__"/>
更多的音视频知识、面试题、技术方案干货可以进群来看: