import pandas as pdimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport os# 读取 Excel 数据file_path = r"E:\11.xlsx"output_folder = r"E:\空间分布"df = pd.read_excel(file_path)# 确保输出目录存在os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True)# 计算 2000-2023 年均值和标准差df_2000_2023 = df[(df["year"] >= 2011) & (df["year"] <= 2023)]mean_2000_2023 = df_2000_2023.drop(columns=["year"]).mean()std_2000_2023 = df_2000_2023.drop(columns=["year"]).std()# 定义绘图函数def plot_bar_with_error_and_labels(mean_values, std_values, output_file):x_labels = mean_values.index # 草地类型x = range(len(x_labels)) # X 轴坐标plt.figure(figsize=(7, 5)) # 调整图形大小bars = plt.bar(x, mean_values, yerr=std_values, capsize=6, width=0.6,color='#F8E7C0', edgecolor='black', linewidth=2, alpha=0.9, error_kw={'elinewidth': 2, 'ecolor': 'black'})# 添加均值标签在柱子顶部（显示 4 位小数）for i, (bar, value) in enumerate(zip(bars, mean_values)):plt.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height() + std_values[i],f'{value:.4f}', ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=14, fontname='Arial')# X 轴刻度和标签，确保和柱子对齐plt.xticks(x, x_labels, rotation=0, ha='center', fontname='Arial', fontsize=14)# 添加左侧 Y 轴标签plt.ylabel("这里需要改（单位）", fontsize=14, fontname='SimHei')plt.yticks(fontsize=12, fontname='Arial') # 设置 Y 轴刻度字体# 设置轴线和刻度线的宽度一致ax = plt.gca()ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(1.5)ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(1.5)# 设置刻度线宽度plt.tick_params(axis='x', width=1.5) # 设置 X 轴刻度线宽度plt.tick_params(axis='y', width=1.5) # 设置 Y 轴刻度线宽度# 保存图像plt.tight_layout()plt.savefig(output_file, dpi=300, format='png', bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False) # 去除白边，背景不透明plt.close()# 绘制并保存 2000-2023 年的图plot_bar_with_error_and_labels(mean_2000_2023, std_2000_2023,os.path.join(output_folder, "2011_2023_gpp_t.png"))print(f"图像已保存到 {output_folder}")
