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五年级数学上期末必考《小数乘法简便计算》6大类
五年级数学上期末必考小数乘法简便计算
乘法交换律 axbxc=axcxb
基本方法:先交换因数的位置,再计算。
0.25x8.5x4 12.5x0.96x0.8
=0.25x4x8.5 =12.5x0.8x0.96
=1x8.5 =10x0.96
=8.5 =9.6
乘法结合律 (axb) xc=ax (cxb)
基本方法:先交换因数的位置,再计并。
0.95x0.25x4 35x0.2x0.5
=0.95x (0.25x4) =35x (0.2x0.5)
=0.95x1 =35x0.1
=0.95 =3.5
乘法分配律 (a+b) xc=axc+bxc
基本方法:将括号中相加减的两项分别与括号外的分数相乘,符号保持不变。
(1.25-0.125)x8 (2+0.4)x5
=1.25x8-0.125x8 =2x5+0.4x5
=10-1 =10+2
=9 =12
乘法分配律逆应用 axb±axc=ax(b±c)
基本方法:提取两个乘式中共有的因数,将剩余的园数用加减相连,同时添加括号,先行运算。
3.72x3.5+ 6.28x3.5 15.6x2.1-15.6x1.1
=3.5x (3.72+6.28) =15.6x (2.1-1.1)
=3.5x10 =15.6x1
=35 =15.6
拆分因数:根据特殊数凑整。
1.25x2.5x32 3.2x0.25x12.5
=1.25x2.5x4x8 =4x0.8x0.25x12.5
= (1.25x8) x (2.5x4 ) = (4x0.25) x (0.8x12.5)
=10x10 =1x10
=100 =10
添加因数“1”涉及定律:乘法分配律逆向运算
56.5x99+56.5 5.4x11-5.4
=56.5x99+56.5x1 =5.4x11-5.4x1
=56.5x (99+1) =5.4x (11-1)
=56.5x100 =5.4x10
=5650 =54