彭刚公使在欧媒发表署名文章《所谓中国“产能过剩论”完全站不住脚》

时事   2024-12-24 02:35   北京  

2024年12月23日,中国驻欧盟使团彭刚公使在欧洲知名媒体“欧盟动态”发表题为《所谓中国“产能过剩论”完全站不住脚》的署名文章。全文如下:

所谓中国“产能过剩论”完全站不住脚

中国驻欧盟使团公使   彭刚

近段时间以来,一些欧美政客和媒体再次炒作所谓中国“产能过剩论”,并将这种指责从新能源行业扩展到更多工业品类,宣称中国通过出口来消化过剩产能,冲击世界市场。实际上,这一论调在滥用“产能过剩”概念,既不符合客观事实,亦有违市场经济规律。

“产能过剩论”不符合绿色领域的发展现实

“产能过剩”是指实际生产能力超过了市场需求、超过了正常期望水平的状态。当前,绿色低碳发展是大势所趋,全球对新能源产品的需求正在持续扩大。据国际能源署研究,为实现碳中和目标,2030年全球新能源汽车需求将达到约4500万辆,是2023年的3倍多;2030年全球动力电池需求量将达3500GWh,是2023年全球出货量的4倍多,均远超目前全球供给能力。联合国贸易和发展会议报告认为,要实现全球碳中和目标,全球新能源领域的投资必须进一步提速。由此可见,目前全球绿色领域的产能是相对不足的,仍需大幅提升,还远谈不上“过剩”。

近年来,中国加快发展新质生产力,依靠研发创新能力的提升、完整产业链供应链的支撑、巨大的国内市场规模等形成新能源产业竞争优势,成为全球绿色转型的关键力量。欧方有识之士表示,所谓中国绿色领域“产能过剩”是一种荒谬的说法,“事实上,世界恰恰需要中国和所有其他国家在太阳能电池板、电池和电动汽车等绿色领域进一步扩大产能,我们应鼓励所有国家在上述领域投入更多。”

出口多意味着“产能过剩”的论调站不住脚

当今经济全球化大背景下,市场、生产和消费都是全球性的,需要在全球视野下进行供需匹配和调节。各国基于比较优势参与国际分工合作,形成各自不同的产业结构和产能规模,并通过“买全球、卖全球”共享专业化分工带来的收益,不仅提高了全球资源配置效率,也增进了各国人民福祉。如果各国仅以本国市场布置产能,国际贸易和互惠就无从谈起,这在现实世界中是不可想象的。

事实上,美欧日等发达国家长期向全球市场大量出口一些产品,美国生产的芯片约80%用于出口,德国、日本生产的汽车分别有近80%、约50%用于出口,空客、波音生产的大量客机也是用于向全球出口。就中国而言,2023年中国新能源汽车出口量占总产量的比例仅约12.7%。如果把发达国家的优势产品出口被视为正常合理,而当中国等新兴国家出口时就以“产能过剩”加以指责,这显然是典型的自相矛盾和双重标准。

不应以反对“产能过剩”之名行保护主义之实

许多欧美经济学家和专业人士都指出,所谓中国“产能过剩论”令人不解与疑惑,因为无论分析市场供需,还是观察产业发展实际,都无法得出这样令人费解的结论。实际上,中国“产能过剩论”无疑是个伪命题,完全不是基于产品供求逻辑和市场规律。随着中国在全球价值链中地位的显著提升,一些西方国家为保护其既得的市场份额和优势地位,完全不顾自由贸易和公平竞争原则,千方百计炒作“中国经济威胁”“中国产能过剩”等言论,就是为施行保护主义措施、发动贸易争端寻找托词和借口。

历史和现实都已经多次证明,搞保护主义损人不利己,是没有赢家的。只有放弃以邻为壑、孤立封闭的零和思维,共同削减壁垒、扩大开放,国际经贸才能打通血脉、焕发生机。世界各国都应充分发挥各自比较优势,加强政策的协调和标准的统一,协同推进技术创新和成果共享,共同维护全球产业链供应链的稳定畅通,共同营造一个以WTO规则为基础的、更加公正、公平的国际贸易和市场环境,只有这样才能有效提升经济效率和民众福祉。

The So-Called Chinese “Overcapacity” Is Completely Untenable
——By Mr. PENG Gang, Minister, Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the EU


For some time, some western politicians and press have repeatedly hyped up the so-called Chinese "overcapacity", and extended such accusation from new energy to more sectors, claiming that China exports excess capacity and hits the global market. In fact, this argument is abusing the concept of "overcapacity" and goes against both the objective facts and rules of market economy.
Firstly, the so-called Chinese "overcapacity" argument is far from the fact of the green sector’s prospects. Overcapacity occurs when production capacity is higher than market demand and normal expectations. At present, green and low-carbon development is the prevailing trend, and the global demand for new energy products continues to grow. According to the research of International Energy Agency, to meet the carbon neutrality goal, global demand for new energy vehicles will reach approximately 45 million units in 2030, more than three times that of 2023, and the global demand for power batteries will reach 3,500 GWh in 2030, more than four times the global output in 2023, far exceeding current global supplies. Report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development shows that to realize global carbon neutrality, investment in the global new energy sector must be further accelerated. The above findings tell that current global capacity of the green sector is relatively insufficient and still requires significant improvement, which is far from being excessive.
Over the past years, China has accelerated the development of new quality productive forces, cultivated competitive advantages in new energy sector based on improved R&D and innovation, well-equipped industrial and supply chains, and a large-scale domestic market, and become a major force in the global green transition. People of insight from the EU side believes that the so-called "overcapacity" in China's green sector is an absurd argument, "in fact, the world needs China and other countries to further expand capacity exactly in green sectors such as solar panels, batteries and electric vehicles. We should encourage all countries to invest more in the above sectors."
Secondly, the argument that higher export means "overcapacity" is untenable. In the context of economic globalization, markets, production and consumption are global, thus supply and demand need to be matched and modulated with a global horizon. Countries participate in international division of labor and cooperation based on comparative advantages, form different industrial layouts and capacity scales of their own, and share the benefits of specialized division of labor by "buy globally and sell globally". It not only improves the efficiency of global resource allocation, but also enhances the well-being of people in various countries. If countries arrange capacity solely based on their domestic markets, international trade and reciprocity will be impossible, which is unimaginable in the real world.
In fact, developed countries such as the United States, European countries and Japan have all long exported large quantities of products to the rest of the world. About 80% of US-produced chips are for export. Nearly 80% and 50% of the cars produced in Germany and Japan respectively are exported. Airbus and Boeing aircrafts are also exported in great numbers. However, China’s NEV exports only accounts for 12.7% of its total output in 2023. If one sees the export of competitive products by developed countries as normal and reasonable, but accuses the export by China and other emerging countries as "overcapacity", it will be typical self-contradiction and double standard.
Thirdly, one should not implement protectionism in the pretext of opposition to “overcapacity”. Many economists and professionals in Europe and the US have pointed out that the so-called Chinese “overcapacity” is very baffling and puzzling, as such a conclusion cannot be arrived at either by analyzing market supply and demand or observing industry development reality. In fact, the so-called Chinese “overcapacity” is a fallacy not based on the logic of product supply and demand and market rules at all. With significant improvement of China’s position in global value chains, some western countries, in order to protect their vested market shares and dominant positions, totally disregard the principles of free trade and fair competition, and hype up the “Chinese economic threat” or Chinese “overcapacity” by all means. Such actions are only to find pretexts and excuses for adopting protectionist measures and launching trade disputes.
History and reality have proven many times that protectionism harms others without benefiting oneself and leads to no winners. Only by abandoning the zero-sum mindset of beggar-thy-neighbor as well as isolation and closure, and by jointly reducing barriers and expanding openness, can global trade and economic cooperation be revitalized. Therefore, it is advised that all countries give full play to their comparative advantages, strengthen policy coordination and standard harmonization, synergize technical innovation and results sharing, work together to maintain the stability and smoothness of global industrial and supply chains, jointly foster a more just and equitable international trade and market environment based on WTO rules, with a view to effectively enhancing economic efficiency and people’s well-being.

推荐阅读

毛宁:支持“全球南方”国家为乌克兰危机政治解决发挥建设性作用

毛宁:中方已经事先通报各相关国家“伊鹏三号”复航

“欧洲形势与中欧关系”研讨会暨《欧洲发展报告(2023~2024)》发布会在京举办

意大利中国商会报告显示:中资企业为意经济作出突出贡献

长按识别二维码

关注我们

中国驻欧盟使团
欢迎关注中国驻欧盟使团官方公众号。坐标布鲁塞尔,我们将为您带来中欧交流合作最新动态。
 最新文章