本期新词
Vocabulary
Patriotic 爱国的
Anthem 国歌
Perspective 视角，观点
Ethnicity 族群，民族
Isles 群岛
Taboo topics 禁忌话题
Cross-culture 跨文化
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在英国文化中，确实存在一些聊天禁忌！
虽然英国人性格内敛、一言不合就Sorry，但碰到这几件事情，就真挺容易在他们“雷区”蹦迪的。
尤其是在UK求学、工作的小伙伴，和英国人聊天要注意了，mark起来啊~
英国虽被调侃是“公认的美食荒漠”，国菜就是炸鱼薯条，还有各种黑暗料理；但是也不用贴脸开大，逮到个人就说你们英国菜真难吃。
英国人内心OS：我不要面子哒？！
英国人是不喜欢被过度夸奖，但也不喜欢直接批评或负面评价，哪怕是对食物的。
另外，对别人隐私的打探也最好不要。
上来就问，你住哪，房子多大，挣多少钱啊，为什么离婚，为什么单身...这些信息都算是个人的隐私。
如果不熟，聊一点稀松寻常的就好，比如万年聊不破的“天气”，爱好什么运动，喜欢哪个节目...
特别值得一提，也是很多人都会搞混淆的，就是不要将UK简化为England.
提到英国时，应使用UK或Britain，而不是仅指英格兰地区，因为这涉及敏感的政治和族群问题。
为什么呢，今天我们就来展开说说。
1
England and the UK: A Distinction
这样说，挺冒犯
中文说的【英国】其实是【大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国】的简称，英文又叫做 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
“联合王国”，联合的是英格兰（England）、苏格兰（Scotland）、威尔士（Wales）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）四个构成国。
没错，这四个都是国家，且有各自的政府、国旗和族群。
苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰都有自己的行政机构和立法机构，它们在某些领域拥有一定的自治权。
比如苏格兰议会（Scottish Parliament）威尔士议会（Welsh Parliament）北爱尔兰议会（Northern Ireland Assembly）；
英格兰没有自己的议会，其事务通常由英国议会（位于伦敦的威斯敏斯特宫）处理。
各构成国有自己的国旗！下面这些旗你能对应起来不？
What are the flags of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
虽然没有官方的“国歌”，但有默认的代表各自地区的歌曲。
例如，苏格兰有《苏格兰之花》（Flower of Scotland），威尔士有《威尔士人的土地》（Land of Our Fathers），北爱尔兰有《伦敦德里小调》（Londonderry Air，也称为《Danny Boy》）。
《天佑女王》（God Save the Queen）则在许多场合被认为是代表英格兰的歌曲。
这些构成国在历史、文化和政治上都有自己的特色，它们共同构成了多元和复杂的英国社会结构。
苏格兰人、威尔士人和北爱尔兰人通常有很强的民族自豪感和身份认同，他们会希望你的称呼能准确点。
来自苏格兰的就叫苏格兰人，来自爱尔兰的就叫爱尔兰人，要是把Scottish叫成了English，别人自然不高兴了。
如果实在不知道怎么叫又不想问，那也可以叫“the British”或者更随意亲切的" the Brits".
2
Different Names for Britain
“英国”原来你有这么多名字
英国的众多名字里，有一个是“土豆国”，因为土豆这种怎么做都好吃的食物，是他们的国民小吃，土豆块，土豆色拉，炸土豆，煎土豆，土豆泥....
开个玩笑，这里要说的其实是英国正儿八经的名字。
这是英国的官方名称，用来指代由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的政治实体。
这是英国的一个古老而历史悠久的名称。
它起源于古代，可能源自凯尔特语或拉丁语"Albus"，意为“白色之地”。
据说，"Albion" 与多佛（Dover）的白色悬崖有关，这些悬崖在古代就非常著名，其白色岩石在海面上显得格外醒目。
作为英国的一个古称，“Albion”经常在古诗歌和文学作品中出现，能起到“唤起古老、神秘、浪漫英国形象”的作用。
尽管这个名称在现代不如 "Britain" 常用，但它仍然在某些文学和艺术作品中被用来指代英国，尤其是当需要强调其历史和文化传统时。
这个名称起源于乌尔都语中的“Vilayati”，意为“外国的”或“外来的”。
Blighty 最早是印度殖民地驻扎的英国士兵在使用，后来被广泛用来指代“英国本土”。在第一次世界大战期间，士兵们经常说“回家到Blighty”，意味着返回英国本土(英国老家)。
这个词带有一定的历史和文化色彩，在英国的不同历史时期都有被用来指代英国，尽管在现代英语中的使用不那么普遍。
虽然这个名称听着很“地理”，但它有时也被用来指代英国，包括爱尔兰岛。不过需要注意的是，这个名称包括了爱尔兰共和国，而不仅仅是英国。
John Bull 通常被描绘为一个粗壮的汉子，穿着连体裤，喝着啤酒的形象。
这个词最初是用来指代英格兰的，但随着时间的推移，这个形象也被用来指代英国或英国人民。
在不同的语境和时期，John Bull既可以指英格兰，也可以指整个英国。
通常被用来表达英国的民族性格、价值观或政治立场，尤其是在对外关系和国际事务中。
人们通常为自己来自某个地方而感到自豪。
所以在不清楚别人来自哪儿的时候，带着善意去问，对方也会感到尊重；可如果一股脑儿将所有人都归为“English”，其他构成国的人想必会感到生气和沮丧吧。
我想，耐心地学习、了解并尊重他人的文化是跨文化交流的核心意义之一。跨文化交流不仅仅是语言的沟通，更是一种文化的理解和相互尊重。
3
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" Different Names for Britain "
/ Britain under the Microscope /
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#792
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Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under The Microscope. Hi, 安澜.
Hi, lulu. Hi, everyone.
So, 安澜, can I propose a topic?
Of course.
The other day, during my live stream, you know, watching TV shows.
Oh, yes.
我们之前有一次那个看剧解梗的直播, 你知道吧? 然后我们就看了一个剧叫Ted Lasso.
I love Ted Lasso.
《足球教练》这个剧. It is about an American football coach going to coach a football team in the UK.
Yeah.
So, (I’m) not going into details but one of the things that we've noticed, because there's obviously a lot of cross cultural misunderstanding thing.
Yeah.
There was this particular part where Ted, the American guy got really confused about all these names for Britain or like people's like "oh, yeah, is that Wales, is that another country?"
It does get confusing.
Yeah, because when you meet英国人, sometimes they say "I'm from the UK". Sometimes they say "I'm British", sometimes they say "I'm from England".
Yeah.
So, I thought today let's just get that sorted out.
Yep. There's lots of different names for the UK, but first of all, let's start with the official name. So this is the name that's on my passport.
That's the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Yes. So the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or the UK or the United Kingdom.
You know, when I was a student when I was learning about this full name. And I just feel like Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It's just like it's an added on.
A little bit, yeah. That's because Great Britain is the name of the island that includes England, Scotland and Wales, so that whole island is known as Great Britain.
I see.
A lot of people would say "who would call their country great?", but I think here great is not really saying great, or the country is grand, but it's a geographical thing that you do hear this. 地理上很多地方叫大什么的都是用的great.
Yeah. So it's basically here it means bigger.
So for example, London, you have central London and you have greater London.
Yeah. It doesn't mean they're more grand, it just means this is bigger.
It's bigger. Yeah. Great Britain is the name of the biggest island, but if you want to talk about the geographic name, then that's the British Isles.
British Isles, 就是英伦，就是群岛的意思，different islands, 我们说英伦三岛.
是 three isles, or not?
No, there's actually lots and lots of different islands.
Okay.
It's particularly up in Scotland. You have lots of islands particularly in Scotland, they are all part of the British Isles, including island.
So we call it British Isles but this is only a geographic name. This is not about government or nations.
Because Ireland is an independent country.
It's an independent country. Yeah.
I see, so let's start with England.
Yeah.
When someone says "I'm from England" like do you ever say that?
Yeah, I would say "I'm from England" or I would say "I'm from the UK".
What is the difference?
Well. England is part of the UK, so my passport, my citizenship is British, so I am British by citizenship. But if you're talking about ethnicity, then you are English.
I see, I know you guys have England, Scotland and Wales有英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士，是吧?
Yeah.
So do you think when someone says "I'm from England", they are trying to say specifically that I'm not from Scotland or Wales?
Yeah, it's not because they hate Welsh or Scottish people. It's a way of describing your ethnicity, describing the area in particular you were born in.
But what about Scots and Welsh people, if they're asked, would they say "I'm from the UK" or do you think they usually would say "I'm from Scotland." "I'm from Welsh."
Generally, in my experience, Scottish people and Welsh people will say "I'm Welsh" or "I'm Scottish".
I see, interesting. They wouldn't say "I'm from the UK."
Some might, some mightn’t, but generally in my experience, Welsh people Scottish people are very patriotic, they're very proud of their own roots.
Can you actually use patriotic? Because I thought patriotic is more 爱国, for example I'm Chinese, I love China, I love my motherland.
Yeah. But if they say I'm Scottish, I'm Welsh, I'm patriotic, wouldn't that be patriotic towards the UK?
No, not necessarily.
Okay.
Remember the name of the UK is the United Kingdom. So they are different nations come together. So Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland have their own government, they have their own parliaments.
They have their own flags.
They have their own flags, they even have their own anthems.
Mhm. So this is very different, from a Chinese, modern Chinese perspective this is a bit harder to understand.
Yeah.
So coming back to England, 我们都说英格兰英格兰, why are you guys called England?
Well. It comes from the Angles. So the Angles were a tribe that came from northern Germany and southern Denmark. So, England is actually Angle-land, the land of the Angles.
Is it when they say Anglo Saxon就是所谓盎撒人，盎格鲁-撒克逊? So Anglo, like Angles.
Yeah. So for example, in French, the word for England is "Angleterre".
Still, Angle’s land.
Yeah, the land of the Angles.
I see, what are the names?
There's a few different names. So one name you might see is Albion.
Very sort of old and historical like.
Very old, historical, normally used in poetry. No one really knows where it comes from. It either comes from the Latin word “albus”, which means white, because of the white cliffs Dover.
Okay.
If you go to Dover, which is the closest port to France, it's famous for white cliffs.
就是那个白色的悬崖, Albion.
Well, the reason why I know the word "Albion" is because there's a famous Japanese cosmetic brand called Albion that I often use.
Yeah.
And Albion, I'm assuming they use Albion, because it's a lot of like whitening cream and all that.
Well, yeah probably.
They use the meaning of white.
Yeah.
Or it could come from the old Celtic worth of Britain. So Albion is just normally used in poetry and old literature. So it's just another way of saying Britain.
I see, Albion, A-l-b-i-o-n.
That's right.
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