Business | Harmony and enmity
Harmony and enmity: 和谐与敌对这是一个双关语，既指华为的操作系统HarmonyOS，也暗示了华为与西方技术公司之间的竞争和冲突。
Huawei’s new made-in-China software takes on Apple and Android
takes on: 意思是「竞争对抗」或「挑战」。
华为的新操作系统（HarmonyOS）正在与苹果的iOS和谷歌的Android竞争。
With its latest operating system, it is cutting ties with Western tech
With its latest operating system: 华为最近推出的操作系统，具体是HarmonyOS NEXT。（小编更新了，流畅很多，但是很多软件暂时不支持）
When Huawei, the Chinese tech giant, releases its latest smartphone this month, techies will strip it down to figure out how it works. The semiconductors powering the Mate 70, as the device is called, will reveal how much progress China has made in building its own chips and breaking its reliance on foreign technology. But the software in the phone may prove more important than the hardware. Huawei is expected to install HarmonyOS NEXT, its new homemade operating system, on the devices. This would be China’s first clean break with the Western-backed systems on which it and the rest of the world rely.breaking its reliance on - 打破对...的依赖homemade operating system - 自主研发的操作系统Western-backed systems - 西方支持的系统China’s government wants the country to become technologically self-sufficient in everything from fertiliser and passenger jets to chips and payments networks. It views Western chokeholds on critical technologies as national-security risks which could prove especially dangerous to China in a conflict. Huawei’s efforts to support Chinese self-sufficiency have lately focused on semiconductors. But the country is still overwhelmingly reliant on American mobile operating systems. Android, owned by Google, and iOS, Apple’s system, power about 98% of smartphones globally, including almost all of those in China.technologically self-sufficient - 技术自给自足critical technologies - 关键技术national-security risks - 国家安全风险overwhelmingly reliant on - 极度依赖于mobile operating systems - 移动操作系统Huawei’s new system will add a third contender. It was launched last month, and is only available for testing, but is expected to become more widespread with the Mate 70’s release. The current, widely used version of Huawei’s system still relies on free code from Android and software from Linux, a global open-source project. The new version is expected to throw out those foreign elements and replace them with all-native components. Apps developed for Android, which work on the current version, will not work on the new one. Chinese media have, somewhat disturbingly, described HarmonyOS Next as a “pure-blood” system.available for testing - 可供测试open-source project - 开源项目"pure-blood" system - 纯血系统Huawei began developing Harmony in 2012 for internet-of-things devices, not for smartphones. But American sanctions on the company in 2019 cut off its access to Google Mobile Services, including its app store, along with the powerful semiconductors needed to make phones with fifth-generation (5G) wireless connectivity.internet-of-things devices - 物联网设备American sanctions - 美国制裁powerful semiconductors - 高性能半导体This torpedoed the popularity of Huawei’s phones outside of China. But it also kicked off an effort by the company to shift its smartphones over to its own system and indigenise production of semiconductors. In August last year Huawei surprised analysts when it released the Mate 60, a smartphone containing advanced seven-nanometre chips manufactured domestically, allowing it to re-enter the market for 5G phones. The Mate 70, provided it runs on Huawei’s new operating system, will mark another milestone in the company’s efforts to reduce its reliance on Western companies.seven-nanometre chips - 7纳米芯片manufactured domestically - 国内制造reduce its reliance on - 减少对...的依赖Building an operating system is no mean feat. The main challenge is attracting many external developers to design applications that run on it. That requires convincing them that the system will be successful and that developing an app for it will be worth their time. Many have tried and failed to make new systems work over the years. App developers generally stick with the incumbents.no mean feat - 非常了不起的成就，不简单的任务external developers - 外部开发者design applications - 设计应用程序incumbents - 现有的主导者（在这里指主流操作系统）This suggests that Huawei is taking a gamble by severing ties with Android. By August last year, when the Mate 60 was released, developers had created fewer than 100 apps specifically for its operating system. The popularity of the device, and the company’s subsequent 5G phones, has helped convince many developers to start making new apps for Huawei’s phones, with more than 15,000 native apps and services being created since the Mate 60 was released. Tests of HarmonyOS NEXT have added to the excitement. Nonetheless, shifting to the new system risks hurting Huawei’s smartphone sales. Android offers users several million apps; if Chinese people cannot find their favourite ones, they may opt for another device. Chinese journalists who have tested some of the native apps have complained that they lack important functions.Huawei may be hoping that it can build further momentum for its operating system by persuading other Chinese smartphone-makers to adopt it. It has created OpenHarmony, a rival to Android’s open-source offerings that allows companies to design their own versions of its system. Convincing them to do that will not be easy. Rival Chinese smartphone makers such as Xiaomi, Vivo and Oppo compete fiercely with Huawei, and some are developing their own operating systems using Android code. It is possible, though, that the Chinese government will eventually mandate that Huawei’s rivals switch from Android to Harmony, reckon analysts at Jefferies, an investment bank.build further momentum - 进一步增强势头open-source offerings - 开源产品Huawei’s ambitions for Harmony extend beyond smartphones. The system will soon replace Windows on its laptops. It is usable across all of the company’s devices, including the cars it helps design. That should help ease the Chinese government’s fears about the country’s reliance on foreign technology—and cause Western tech giants to sit up.extend beyond - 超越，扩展到...之外打造
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