往期回顾
再论后制后语序条件：
从汉语中心语后置结构谈起
廖伟闻
提要
本文讨论关于“后制后语序条件”（Final-over-Final Condition; FOFC）的问题。汉语里的句末助词常被当作是反对 FOFC 的现象，但事实上，将句末助词当作中心语的句法分析仍缺乏强而有力的证据。另一方面，汉语的名词中心语能够带左边补语的现象（Huang 2016）不但违反了 FOFC，同时对其提出更难以反驳的挑战。然而，我们认为此种结构违反 FOFC 的理由肇因于汉语里格位方向性的限制（Li 1990），同样的冲突能够在汉语及英语里的复合词结构里看到。我们认为这些现象透露出FOFC 应该被当作是结构守恒原则（Williams 2003）的一个面向。也就是说为了要遵守某个语言特有的限制，对共通原则最小程度的违反是可以被容忍的。
关键词
后制后语序条件，中心语后置结构，表示论，句末助词，汉语语法
Remarks on the Final-over-Final Condition:
A View from Chinese Head-Final Structures
Wei-wen Roger Liao
Abstract
The paper discusses the universality of the final-over-final condition (FOFC). It has been proposed that sentence-final particles (SFPs) in Chinese may invalidate the universality of FOFC. This paper argues that the challenge from SFPs is inconclusive since the evidence for the head status of SFPs is lacking. On the other hand, the leftward complement of N0 in Chinese (Huang 2016) poses a greater threat to FOFC. However, it is argued that the violation is caused by a language-particular word order constraint due to Case directionality (Li 1990). Relating the syntactic FOFC violation to the word order constraint in compounds, it is proposed that FOFC may be understood as an instance of the shape conservation principle (Williams 2003), where the language-particular constraint is satisfied at the expense of a minimal violation of the universal condition.
Keywords
final-over-final condition, head-final structure, representation theory, sentence-final particle, Chinese syntax
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