学术论文｜氨基修饰聚苯乙烯纳米塑料及其滤液对日本虎斑猛水蚤毒性效应研究

政务 2024-11-15 16:55 辽宁

预计阅读时长：2分钟

作者：崔修鑫、李昭川、曹硕、张明兴、丛艺、娄亚迪、靳非、何洁、王莹、王菊英
单位：大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院辽宁省高校近岸海洋环境科学与技术重点实验室、辽宁省海洋生物资源恢复与生境修复重点实验室、国家海洋环境监测中心国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室、上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院
DOI：10.12111/j.mes.2024-x-0056

中文摘要

纳米塑料具有体积小、比表面积大等特点，能够对海洋生物产生潜在不利影响。然而，目前毒理学研究主要使用的是商品化纳米塑料悬液，其中的添加剂组分可能导致纳米塑料毒性效应出现“假阳性”，对科学评价其真实毒性效应造成一定干扰。本研究以海洋桡足类日本虎斑猛水蚤（Tigriopus japonicus）为受试生物，采用长期暴露（24 d）的方式探究环境相关浓度（5.5 μg/L、55 μg/L和550 μg/L）的50 nm氨基修饰聚苯乙烯（PS-NH₂）及其滤液（含添加剂组分）对猛水蚤在存活、生长发育和繁殖等方面的毒性效应。结果表明，PS-NH₂及其滤液均能够降低猛水蚤的存活率和体长；550 μg/L的PS-NH₂延长了猛水蚤的发育时间和蜕皮时间间隔，而PS-NH₂滤液未产生以上影响。PS-NH₂及其滤液均会导致猛水蚤孵化时间延长以及孵化幼体数量减少；与PS-NH₂相比，PS-NH₂滤液单独暴露下的雌性猛水蚤卵囊脱落比例更高。总体而言，PS-NH₂对猛水蚤的存活和发育效应大于PS-NH₂滤液，对繁殖的不利影响小于PS-NH₂滤液，表明PS-NH₂微球与滤液中的添加剂组分间可能存在复杂的相互作用模式。相关研究结果对科学评估纳米塑料的生态风险具有一定参考价值。

关键词：

纳米塑料；氨基修饰聚苯乙烯；浮游动物；添加剂；发育繁殖

Abstract

Nanoplastics are able of causing adverse effects to marine organisms owing to their small size and large surface area to mass ratio. However, the presence of suspension additives in commercial nanoplastics widely employed in toxicological studies may introduce artifacts into nanoplastics toxicity assessments. In this study, the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was used as the test organism, and long-term exposure (24 d) was used to investigate the toxic effects of 50 nm amino-modified polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NH₂) and their filtrates (containing additive components) at environmentally relevant concentrations (5.5 μg/L, 55 μg/L and 550 μg/L) on the survival, growth, development and reproduction of T. japonicus. Our results revealed that both PS-NH₂ and their filtrates decreased the survival rate and body length of T. japonicus. At 550 μg/L PS-NH₂ exposure, the average molting interval and the development time to adult were delayed, while PS-NH₂ filtrates did not causethese toxicity effects. PS-NH₂ and their filtrates extended the hatching time, reduced number of nauplii. Compared to PS-NH₂, PS-NH₂ filtrates caused a higher rate of deciduous oocysts in female T. japonicus. In general, PS-NH₂ had a more adverse effect on survival and development than PS-NH₂ filtrates, and a less adverse effect on reproduction than PS-NH₂ filtrates, indicating a complex interaction pattern between PS-NH₂ nanospheres and additive components. Our findings contributed to the ecological risk assessment of nanoplastics in the marine environment.