发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。这里，我重点就此谈一些认识。
Advancing new quality productive forces is essential and a key priority for fostering high-quality development. Here, I would like to stress several key points.
去年7月以来，我在四川、黑龙江、浙江、广西等地考察调研时，提出要整合科技创新资源，引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业，加快形成新质生产力。12月中旬，在中央经济工作会议上，我又提出要以科技创新推动产业创新，特别是以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生新产业、新模式、新动能，发展新质生产力。我提出新质生产力这个概念和发展新质生产力这个重大任务，主要考虑是：生产力是人类社会发展的根本动力，也是一切社会变迁和政治变革的终极原因。高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导，而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力，需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括，用以指导新的发展实践。
During my visits since last July to Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, and Guangxi to learn about local development, I called for integrating science, technology, and innovation resources to steer the development of strategic emerging industries and industries of the future and to accelerate the creation of new quality productive forces. At the Central Economic Work Conference in mid-December, I also called for promoting industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation. In particular, we should foster new industries, models, and growth drivers through developing disruptive and cutting-edge technologies, so as to boost new quality productive forces. The reason why I put forward the concept of new quality productive forces and set the task of developing them is that productive forces are what fundamentally drive the development of human society and are the final cause of all social and political changes. High-quality development should be guided by new theories of productive forces, and new quality productive forces have emerged in practice and have given strong impetus and support to high-quality development. We need to conceptualize new quality productive forces and develop theoretical models to guide new development initiatives.
什么是新质生产力、如何发展新质生产力？我一直在思考，也注意到学术界的一些研究成果。概括地说，新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。
What are new quality productive forces and how should we develop them? I have given a lot of thought to this question, and I have also taken note of academic research on this issue. In short, new quality productive forces, in which innovation plays a leading role, are productivity in an advanced form that has superseded the traditional economic growth pattern and productivity development path. New quality productive forces are characterized by high technology, high performance, and high quality, and they are consistent with our new development philosophy. They have emerged thanks to revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and profound transformation and upgrading of industries. It is to upgrade laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and the optimal combination of these elements and to significantly increase total factor productivity. With innovation as a distinctive feature and high quality as the key, new quality productive forces are in essence advanced productive forces.
新质生产力的显著特点是创新，既包括技术和业态模式层面的创新，也包括管理和制度层面的创新。必须继续做好创新这篇大文章，推动新质生产力加快发展。
Innovation, an essential feature of new quality productive forces, means bringing change not only to technology and business forms, but also to management and systems. Hence, we must continue to promote innovation as an overarching initiative, thereby accelerating the development of new quality productive forces.
第一，大力推进科技创新
First, we should vigorously boost innovation in science and technology
新质生产力主要由技术革命性突破催生而成。科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素。这就要求我们加强科技创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新，加快实现高水平科技自立自强。要深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，坚持“四个面向”，强化国家战略科技力量，有组织推进战略导向的原创性、基础性研究。要聚焦国家战略和经济社会发展现实需要，以关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新为突破口，充分发挥新型举国体制优势，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，使原创性、颠覆性科技创新成果竞相涌现，培育发展新质生产力的新动能。
Revolutionary breakthroughs in technology will hasten the birth of new quality productive forces. Scientific and technological innovation, which will give rise to new industries, new business models, and new growth drivers, is the core element for developing new quality productive forces. This means we should strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially those that are original and disruptive, so as to achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology at a faster pace. We should fully implement the strategy for invigorating China through science and education, the strategy of developing a quality workforce, and the innovation-driven development strategy. We should set our sights on the global frontiers of science and technology, national economic development, the major needs of the country, and the health and safety of the people. In order to bolster our national strength in strategic science and technology, we should promote strategy-oriented original and basic research in a well-organized manner. Focusing on the practical needs of implementing national strategies and promoting economic and social development, we should seek breakthroughs in the research of key generic technologies, cutting-edge technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies. We should fully leverage the strengths of our new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to secure progress in our research on core technologies in key fields. All this will lead to an explosion of original and disruptive innovations in science and technology and will help to foster new drivers for new quality productive forces.
第二，以科技创新推动产业创新
Second, we should spur industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation
科技成果转化为现实生产力，表现形式为催生新产业、推动产业深度转型升级。因此，我们要及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上，改造提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业，布局建设未来产业，完善现代化产业体系。要围绕发展新质生产力布局产业链，推动短板产业补链、优势产业延链、传统产业升链、新兴产业建链，提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，保证产业体系自主可控、安全可靠。要围绕推进新型工业化和加快建设制造强国、质量强国、网络强国、数字中国等战略任务，科学布局科技创新、产业创新。要大力发展数字经济，促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。要围绕建设农业强国目标，加大种业、农机等科技创新和创新成果应用，用创新科技推进现代农业发展，保障国家粮食安全。
Turning scientific and technological achievements into actual productive forces will lead to the birth of new industries and the profound transformation and upgrading of other industries. Therefore, we should promptly apply advances in science and technology to industries and industrial chains to transform and upgrade traditional industries, create and boost emerging industries, and make plans for developing future industries. Ultimately, the modern industrial system will be improved. To develop new quality productive forces, we should improve the layout of industrial chains by shoring up the chains of weak industries, extending the chains of competitive industries, upgrading the chains of traditional industries, and building up the chains of emerging industries. Moreover, we should enhance the resilience and security of our industrial and supply chains, so as to ensure that the industrial system is self-developed, controllable, secure, and reliable. To advance new industrialization and complete the strategic task of moving faster to boost China’s strength in manufacturing, product quality, cyberspace, and digital development, we should carry out well-conceived planning for scientific and technological innovation as well as industrial innovation. We should vigorously develop the digital economy, promote the full integration of the digital and real economies, and build internationally competitive digital industry clusters. To build up China’s strength in agriculture, we should intensify efforts to promote innovation in seed technology and agricultural machinery and application of new research advances, thus spurring the development of modern agriculture with scientific and technological innovation and safeguarding China’s food security.
第三，着力推进发展方式创新
Third, we should develop a new model of development
绿色发展是高质量发展的底色，新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力。我们必须加快发展方式绿色转型，助力碳达峰碳中和。要牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路。加快绿色科技创新和先进绿色技术推广应用，做强绿色制造业，发展绿色服务业，壮大绿色能源产业，发展绿色低碳产业和供应链，构建绿色低碳循环经济体系。持续优化支持绿色低碳发展的经济政策工具箱，发挥绿色金融的牵引作用，打造高效生态绿色产业集群。同时，在全社会大力倡导绿色健康生活方式。
Green development is the defining feature of high-quality development, and new quality productive forces are green in nature. We must accelerate the transition to a model of green development, which will contribute to reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. We should stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and resolutely follow the path of green development that puts the environment first. We should step up efforts to make innovations in green technologies and apply advanced green technologies, make the green manufacturing sector stronger, develop green services, promote the development of green energy industries, and boost green and low-carbon industries and supply chains, so as to build an economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. We should continue to improve the economic policy toolbox that supports green and low-carbon development, fully leverage the leading role of green finance, and build high-performing, eco-friendly, and green industrial clusters. At the same time, we should vigorously advocate green and healthy ways of life throughout society.
第四，扎实推进体制机制创新
Fourth, we should take solid steps to make institutional innovations
生产关系必须与生产力发展要求相适应。发展新质生产力，必须进一步全面深化改革，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。新质生产力既需要政府超前规划引导、科学政策支持，也需要市场机制调节、企业等微观主体不断创新，是政府“有形之手”和市场“无形之手”共同培育和驱动形成的。因此，要深化经济体制、科技体制等改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，建立高标准市场体系，创新生产要素配置方式，让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动。同时，要扩大高水平对外开放，为发展新质生产力营造良好国际环境。
The relations of production must be in keeping with the development of the productive forces. To develop new quality productive forces, we must further deepen reform in an all-around way and create a new type of relations of production that are compatible with them. Creating new quality productive forces requires not only far-sighted planning, guidance, and sound policy support from the government, but also the regulation of market mechanisms and continuous innovation by enterprises and other micro entities. It is the joint efforts of the “visible hand” of the government and the “invisible hand” of the market that foster new quality productive forces. Therefore, we should deepen structural reform in the economy as well as in science and technology, remove bottlenecks and blockages that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, and establish a high-standard market system. We should develop new ways to allocate production factors, thus enabling the smooth flow of all kinds of advanced and high-quality production factors for the development of new quality productive forces. Meanwhile, we should pursue higher-standard opening up and create an international environment favorable for the development of new quality productive forces.
第五，深化人才工作机制创新
Fifth, we should introduce new mechanisms for talent management
要按照发展新质生产力要求，畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环，完善人才培养、引进、使用、合理流动的工作机制。要根据科技发展新趋势，优化高等学校学科设置、人才培养模式，为发展新质生产力、推动高质量发展培养急需人才。要着力培养造就战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队，着力培养造就卓越工程师、大国工匠，加强劳动者技能培训，不断提高各类人才素质。要健全要素参与收入分配机制，激发劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本和数据等生产要素活力，更好体现知识、技术、人才的市场价值，营造鼓励创新、宽容失败的良好氛围。
In accordance with the requirement of developing new quality productive forces, we should ensure sound interactions between education, science and technology, and talent and improve the working mechanisms for the training, recruitment, use, and unimpeded flow of talent. Following the new trends of scientific and technological development, we should improve the configuration of disciplines and the approaches to talent training in institutions of higher learning, so as to foster urgently needed talents for developing new quality productive forces and advancing high-quality development. We should focus on cultivating science strategists, top-notch scientists and innovation teams, high-performing engineers, and master craftsmen, strengthen skills training of workers, and continue to improve the competence of all types of personnel. We should improve the mechanisms for incorporating factors of production in income distribution, stimulate the vitality of production factors such as labor, knowledge, technology, management, capital, and data, see that the market value of knowledge, technology, and talent is realized, and foster a good atmosphere that encourages innovation and tolerates failure.
※这是习近平总书记2024年1月31日在二十届中央政治局第十一次集体学习时的讲话。
These remarks were delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the 11th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, January 31, 2024.
(Originally appeared in Qiushi Journal, Chinese edition, No. 11, 2024)
