对话大师|世界最具影响力的指挥家——帕沃·雅尔维

百科   2024-12-09 14:55   广东  

与大师对话

当代国际乐界极富影响力的指挥家

格莱美奖得主

摄影©Alberto Venzago


格莱美奖得主、爱沙尼亚指挥家帕沃·雅尔维被公认为当今最杰出的指挥家之一, 与众多国际顶级乐团保持着紧密的合作关系。此次联袂世界顶级乐团之一伦敦爱乐乐团,携手杰出的青年大提琴家朱莉娅·哈根,将于12月30日至31日为广州观众献上迎接2025新年的音乐盛宴


在此,我们围绕音乐与人类社会文明发展古典音乐在数字时代的发展进行了精彩的对话。


摄影©Kaupo Kikkas


音乐作为文化表达的一种形式,您认为它在人类文明发展的过程中扮演了怎样的角色?音乐是如何随着不同历史时期的变化而演变的?

As a form of cultural expression, what role do you think music has played in the development of human civilization? How has music evolved over time in different historical periods?

音乐使人类有别于动物

帕沃:音乐是人类发展历程中不可分割的一部分,伴随并引导着人类历史的前进。它是人类文明的编年史,其演变反映了文化、宗教和社会里程碑式的重要节点。世界上的民间音乐和宗教音乐,尤其在西方文明的语境中塑造了文化特性,而拿破仑战争时期则见证了革命和变革的音乐表达。

Paavo: Music has been an inseparable part of human development, accompanying and guiding it throughout history. It serves as a chronicle of human civilization, with its evolution reflecting significant cultural, religious, and social milestones. Folk music and religious music, especially in Western civilization, have shaped cultural identities, while periods like the Napoleonic Wars witnessed musical expressions of revolution and change.

音乐还具有深刻的个人性和仪式性——无论是作为母亲的摇篮曲、击鼓备战,还是作为婚礼和葬礼等人生大事的纪念。音乐使人类有别于动物,因为人类以独特的方式创作和欣赏有组织的音乐。

Music has also been deeply personal and ceremonial—whether as a mother’s lullaby, war preparations with drumming, or marking life events like weddings and funerals. It distinguishes humanity from animals, as humans uniquely create and appreciate organized music.


摄影©Kaupo Kikkas


音乐是如何反映或甚至引领社会变迁的?

How does music reflect or even lead to social change?

音乐具有团结和启发的力量

帕沃:音乐具有团结和启发的力量,正如爱沙尼亚的“歌唱革命”所证明的那样。在这场和平运动中,人们聚集在一起唱国歌,促进团结和反抗压迫。音乐经常处于社会转型的核心,为共同的奋斗目标和愿望发声。

Paavo: Music has the power to unify and inspire, as demonstrated by Estonia’s “Singing Revolution.” During this peaceful movement, people gathered to sing national songs, fostering unity and resistance against oppression. Music has frequently been at the heart of societal transformation, giving voice to shared struggles and aspirations.


摄影©Kaupo Kikkas


从您的角度来看,音乐风格和技术上的演变背后的主要驱动力是什么?这些变化是否反映了更广泛的社会或技术进步?

What are the main driving forces behind the evolution of music stylistically and technically? Do these changes reflect broader social or technological advances?

音乐反映了其所处的社会

帕沃:音乐反映了其所处的社会。例如,14 世纪至 15 世纪教堂音乐的简洁与莫扎特作品的精巧形成鲜明对比,标志着社会的进步。瓦格纳的音乐预示着一个新时代的到来,而肖斯塔科维奇则捕捉到苏联的生活现实。二战后的音乐反映了人们应对灾难的回应,而 20 世纪的现代主义音乐融入了工业的声音,折射出技术的进步和社会景观变化。

Paavo: Music reflects the society in which it is created. For example, the simplicity of 14th- and 15th-century church music contrasts with the sophistication of Mozart’s compositions, signaling societal growth. Wagner’s music heralded a new era, while Shostakovich captured the reality of Soviet life. Post-World War II music reflects a reaction to catastrophe, and 20th-century modernism incorporated industrial sounds, mirroring technological advances and changing societal landscapes.


摄影师©Alberto Venzago


在您看来,如何能够更好地激发青少年对古典音乐的兴趣并通过青少年交响乐团等活动保持他们长期的热情? 

How can we better stimulate young people’s interest in classical music and maintain their long-term enthusiasm through activities such as youth orchestras?

早期能在家中接触音乐至关重要

帕沃:早期能在家中接触音乐至关重要。如果父母重视并聆听音乐,孩子就更有可能产生兴趣。建立青少年管弦乐团,从小接受音乐教育培训和接触古典音乐也是必不可少的,因为要与现代的娱乐行业竞争具有一定挑战性。一个人成年之前没有接触过古典音乐,要培养其对古典音乐的热爱就会变得难上加难。


Paavo: Early exposure to music at home is crucial. If parents value and listen to music, children are more likely to develop an interest. Youth orchestras, music education, and exposure to classical music at a young age are essential, as competing with the modern entertainment industry is challenging. Once someone reaches adulthood without exposure, developing a love for classical music becomes significantly harder.

摄影©Kaupo Kikkas


如何通过邀请跨界艺术家合作或策划特别项目等方式,既保留古典音乐精髓又能触及更广泛的受众?

How can we preserve the essence of classical music while reaching wider audiences through crossover collaborations or special projects?

在流行音乐中融入古典元素,对于沟通流派、促进相互尊重有什么作用? 

What role does incorporating classical elements into popular music play in bridging genres and promoting mutual respect?

要在融合中保留不同艺术形式的精髓

帕沃:跨界合作和特别项目的策划可能是种有效的方法,但要在融合中保留不同艺术形式的精髓,却颇具挑战性。古典音乐需要精湛的技艺,它与其他流派成功融合的例子并不多见。虽然这样的尝试很有创意和价值,但却很少能吸引新的听众关注古典音乐本身。相反,它们往往更突出流行音乐。

Paavo: Crossover collaborations and special projects can be effective but are challenging to execute without diluting the essence of both art forms. Classical music demands mastery, and successful integration with other genres is rare. While such attempts are creative and valuable, they rarely attract new listeners to classical music itself. Instead, they tend to highlight pop music more.

在流行音乐中融入古典元素可以带来创造性的产物,并促进流派之间的尊重。然而,它很少能成功吸引新的观众来欣赏古典音乐。喜欢融合表演的观众通常会期待类似表演形式的发生,而不会主动探索纯粹的古典乐。虽然此类实验展示出创造力,但它们主要提升了流行音乐的地位,而不是打破界限或引起对古典音乐的强烈兴趣。 

Incorporating classical elements into popular music can lead to creative results and foster respect between genres. However, it rarely succeeds in drawing new audiences to classical music. People exposed to hybrid performances often expect similar events and may not explore classical music in its pure form. While such experiments showcase creativity, they primarily elevate popular music rather than breaking boundaries or drawing significant new interest to classical music.


2025广州新年音乐会

帕沃·雅尔维联袂世界顶级乐团之一伦敦爱乐乐团携手杰出的青年大提琴家朱莉娅·哈根,将于12月30日至31日为广州观众献上迎接2025新年的音乐盛宴。

两晚的曲目编排将围绕英国、德国、俄罗斯等国的标志性民族风格展开,其中包含“英国国宝级作曲家”埃尔加的成名之作《谜语变奏曲》,柴可夫斯基创作生涯中具有里程碑意义的《F小调第四交响曲》。斯美塔那的民族歌剧经典《被出卖的新娘》的序曲,以及德国民族歌剧奠基者韦伯最后的歌剧巨作,堪称“天鹅之歌”的《奥伯龙》序曲,也将轮番上演。此外,朱莉娅·哈根将与乐团分别于两晚演绎“大提琴三大协奏曲”中的德沃夏克《B小调大提琴协奏曲》和海顿《C大调大提琴协奏曲》。

编辑:声乐家小编

翻译:葛怡颖

照片提供:广州大剧院


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