NO.1
标题:Additive manufacturing technologies with emphasis on stereolithography
3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications: A review
作者: Lakkala, Preethi；Munnangi, Siva Ram et al.
来源出版物: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X Dec 2023
摘要：Three-dimensional (3D) printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is an innovative tool with great potential and diverse applications in various fields. As 3D printing has been burgeoning in recent times, a tremendous transformation can be envisaged in medical care, especially the manufacturing procedures leading to personalized medicine. Stereolithography, a vat-photopolymerization technique, that uses a laser beam, is known for its ability to fabricate complex 3D structures ranging from micron-size needles to life-size organs, because of its high resolution, precision, accuracy, and speed. This review presents a glimpse of varied 3D printing techniques, mainly expounding SLA in terms of the materials used, the orientation of printing, and the working mechanisms. The previous works that focused on developing pharmaceutical dosage forms, drug-eluting devices, and tissue scaffolds are presented in this paper, followed by the challenges associated with SLA from an industrial and regulatory perspective. Due to its excellent advantages, this technology could transform the conventional "one dose fits all" concept to bring digitalized patient-centric medication into reality.
通讯作者地址：Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut & Drug Delivery, University, MS 38677 USA.
NO.2
标题：Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era
作者: Sempionatto, Juliane R.;Lasalde-Ramirez, Jose A. et al.
来源出版物: NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY PD DEC 2022
摘要：Biomarkers are crucial biological indicators in medical diagnostics and therapy. However, the process of biomarker discovery and validation is hindered by a lack of standardized protocols for analytical studies, storage and sample collection. Wearable chemical sensors provide a real-time, non-invasive alternative to typical laboratory blood analysis, and are an effective tool for exploring novel biomarkers in alternative body fluids, such as sweat, saliva, tears and interstitial fluid. These devices may enable remote at-home personalized health monitoring and substantially reduce the healthcare costs. This Review introduces criteria, strategies and technologies involved in biomarker discovery using wearable chemical sensors. Electrochemical and optical detection techniques are discussed, along with the materials and system-level considerations for wearable chemical sensors. Lastly, this Review describes how the large sets of temporal data collected by wearable sensors, coupled with modern data analysis approaches, would open the door for discovering new biomarkers towards precision medicine.
通讯作者地址：CALTECH, Andrew & Peggy Cherng Dept Med Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
NO.3
标题：An on-chip photonic deep neural network for image classification
作者: Ashtiani, Farshid；Geers, Alexander J. et al.
来源出版物: NATURE JUN 2022
摘要：Deep neural networks with applications from computer vision to medical diagnosis(1-5) are commonly implemented using clock-based processors(6-14), in which computation speed is mainly limited by the clock frequency and the memory access time. In the optical domain, despite advances in photonic computation(15-17), the lack of scalable on-chip optical non-linearity and the loss of photonic devices limit the scalability of optical deep networks. Here we report an integrated end-to-end photonic deep neural network (PDNN) that performs sub-nanosecond image classification through direct processing of the optical waves impinging on the on-chip pixel array as they propagate through layers of neurons. In each neuron, linear computation is performed optically and the non-linear activation function is realized opto-electronically, allowing a classification time of under 570 ps, which is comparable with a single clock cycle of state-of-the-art digital platforms. A uniformly distributed supply light provides the same per-neuron optical output range, allowing scalability to large-scale PDNNs. Two-class and four-class classification of handwritten letters with accuracies higher than 93.8% and 89.8%, respectively, is demonstrated. Direct, clock-less processing of optical data eliminates analogue-to-digital conversion and the requirement for a large memory module, allowing faster and more energy efficient neural networks for the next generations of deep learning systems.
通讯作者地址：Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
NO.4
标题：Neuromorphic sensorimotor loop embodied by monolithically integrated, low-voltage, soft e-skin
作者: Wang, Weichen；Jiang, Yuanwen et al.
来源出版物: SCIENCE MAY 2023
摘要：Artificial skin that simultaneously mimics sensory feedback and mechanical properties of natural skin holds substantial promise for next-generation robotic and medical devices. However, achieving such a biomimetic system that can seamlessly integrate with the human body remains a challenge. Through rational design and engineering of material properties, device structures, and system architectures, we realized a monolithic soft prosthetic electronic skin (e-skin). It is capable of multimodal perception, neuromorphic pulse-train signal generation, and closed-loop actuation. With a trilayer, high-permittivity elastomeric dielectric, we achieved a low subthreshold swing comparable to that of polycrystalline silicon transistors, a low operation voltage, low power consumption, and medium-scale circuit integration complexity for stretchable organic devices. Our e-skin mimics the biological sensorimotor loop, whereby a solid-state synaptic transistor elicits stronger actuation when a stimulus of increasing pressure is applied.
通讯作者地址： Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
NO.5
标题：Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance
作者:Eills, James；Budker, Dmitry et al.
来源出版物: CHEMICAL REVIEWS Feb 2023
摘要：Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
通讯作者地址：Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Bioengn Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
NO.6
标题：Spinning-enabled wireless amphibious origami millirobot
作者: Ze, Qiji；Wu, Shuai et al.
来源出版物: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS JUN 2022
摘要：Wireless millimeter-scale origami robots have recently been explored with great potential for biomedical applications. Existing millimeter-scale origami devices usually require separate geometrical components for locomotion and functions. Additionally, none of them can achieve both on-ground and in-water locomotion. Here we report a magnetically actuated amphibious origami millirobot that integrates capabilities of spinning-enabled multimodal locomotion, delivery of liquid medicine, and cargo transportation with wireless operation. This millirobot takes full advantage of the geometrical features and folding/unfolding capability of Kresling origami, a triangulated hollow cylinder, to fulfill multifunction: its geometrical features are exploited for generating omnidirectional locomotion in various working environments through rolling, flipping, and spinning-induced propulsion; the folding/unfolding is utilized as a pumping mechanism for controlled delivery of liquid medicine; furthermore, the spinning motion provides a sucking mechanism for targeted solid cargo transportation. We anticipate the amphibious origami millirobots can potentially serve as minimally invasive devices for biomedical diagnoses and treatments.
Wireless millirobots are promising as minimally invasive biomedical devices. Here, the authors design a magnetically actuated amphibious millirobot that integrates spinning-enabled locomotion, targeted drug delivery, and cargo transportation by utilizing geometrical features and folding/unfolding capability of the Kresling origami.
通讯作者地址：
Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
NO.7
标题：Molecular docking as a tool for the discovery of molecular targets of
nutraceuticals in diseases management
作者: Agu, P. C.；Afiukwa, C. A. et al.
来源出版物: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS AUG 2023
摘要：Molecular docking is a computational technique that predicts the binding affinity of ligands to receptor proteins. Although it has potential uses in nutraceutical research, it has developed into a formidable tool for drug development. Bioactive substances called nutraceuticals are present in food sources and can be used in the management of diseases. Finding their molecular targets can help in the creation of disease-specific new therapies. The purpose of this review was to explore molecular docking's application to the study of dietary supplements and disease management. First, an overview of the fundamentals of molecular docking and the various software tools available for docking was presented. The limitations and difficulties of using molecular docking in nutraceutical research are also covered, including the reliability of scoring functions and the requirement for experimental validation. Additionally, there was a focus on the identification of molecular targets for nutraceuticals in numerous disease models, including those for sickle cell disease, cancer, cardiovascular, gut, reproductive, and neurodegenerative disorders. We further highlighted biochemistry pathways and models from recent studies that have revealed molecular mechanisms to pinpoint new nutraceuticals' effects on disease pathogenesis. It is convincingly true that molecular docking is a useful tool for identifying the molecular targets of nutraceuticals in the management of diseases. It may offer information about how nutraceuticals work and support the creation of new therapeutics. Therefore, molecular docking has a bright future in nutraceutical research and has a lot of potentials to lead to the creation of brand-new medicines for the treatment of disease.
通讯作者地址：Ebonyi State Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Sci, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
NO.8
标题：Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment
作者: Sharma, Satish；Mohler, James et al.
来源出版物: MICROORGANISMS JUN 2023
摘要：Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
通讯作者地址：Univ Buffalo, Jacobs Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
NO.9
标题：Hetero Nucleus Growth Stabilizing Zinc Anode for High-Biosecurity Zinc-Ion Batteries
作者: Li, Jingjing；Liu, Zhexuan et al.
来源出版物: NANO-MICRO LETTERS DEC 2023
摘要：Animal models are applied to evaluate the biosecurity and biocompatibility of the zinc-ion batteries with the electrolytes of different zinc salts.Leakage scene simulations and histological analysis are employed in investigating the tissue response after battery implantations, in which ZnSO4 exhibits higher biosecurity.Sn hetero nucleus is introduced to stabilize the zinc anode, which not only facilitates the planar zinc deposition, but also contributes to higher hydrogen evolution overpotential.
Biocompatible devices are widely employed in modernized lives and medical fields in the forms of wearable and implantable devices, raising higher requirements on the battery biocompatibility, high safety, low cost, and excellent electrochemical performance, which become the evaluation criteria toward developing feasible biocompatible batteries. Herein, through conducting the battery implantation tests and leakage scene simulations on New Zealand rabbits, zinc sulfate electrolyte is proved to exhibit higher biosecurity and turns out to be one of the ideal zinc salts for biocompatible zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Furthermore, in order to mitigate the notorious dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution in mildly acidic electrolyte as well as improve their operating stability, Sn hetero nucleus is introduced to stabilize the zinc anode, which not only facilitates the planar zinc deposition, but also contributes to higher hydrogen evolution overpotential. Finally, a long lifetime of 1500 h for the symmetrical cell, the specific capacity of 150 mAh g-1 under 0.5 A g-1 for the Zn-MnO2 battery and 212 mAh g-1 under 5 A g-1 for the Zn-NH4V4O10 battery are obtained. This work may provide unique perspectives on biocompatible ZIBs toward the biosecurity of their cell components.
通讯作者地址：Cent South Univ, Xiangya Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Changsha 410008, Peoples R China.
NO.10
标题：Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine
作者: Min, Jihong；Tu, Jiaobing et al.
来源出版物: CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2023
摘要：Wearable sensors hold great potential in empowering personalized health monitoring, predictive analytics, and timely intervention toward personalized healthcare. Advances in flexible electronics, materials science, and electrochemistry have spurred the development of wearable sweat sensors that enable the continuous and noninvasive screening of analytes indicative of health status. Existing major challenges in wearable sensors include: improving the sweat extraction and sweat sensing capabilities, improving the form factor of the wearable device for minimal discomfort and reliable measurements when worn, and understanding the clinical value of sweat analytes toward biomarker discovery. This review provides a comprehensive review of wearable sweat sensors and outlines state-of-the-art technologies and research that strive to bridge these gaps. The physiology of sweat, materials, biosensing mechanisms and advances, and approaches for sweat induction and sampling are introduced. Additionally, design considerations for the system-level development of wearable sweat sensing devices, spanning from strategies for prolonged sweat extraction to efficient powering of wearables, are discussed. Furthermore, the applications, data analytics, commercialization efforts, challenges, and prospects of wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine are discussed.
通讯作者地址：CALTECH, Andrew & Peggy Cherng Dept Med Engn, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
图文：车晓燕
编辑：吴继军 责编: 惠文玲
审核：戴玉华 易 久
