【专项语法】之定语从句关系代词 人教版九全U9适用

一、关系代词的普通用法

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✅关系代词【5个】

1.who（指人，作主语或宾语）

2.whom（指人，作宾语）

3.whose（通常指人或物，作定语）

4.which (指物，作主语或宾语)

5.that （指人或物时，作主语或宾语）

⚠️⚠️

引导词在定语从句中作宾语的时候才可以省略，作主语和定语不能省略。

如:

1. Mrs. Wang is an English teacher makes her class interesting and lively.

❓这句话正确还是错误?

➡️答:❌错误。 这句话是定语从句，先行词是an English teacher， 指人， 在从句中作主语， 因此引导词可以用that或who， 且不能省略。正确句子:Mrs. Wang is an English teacher who/that makes her class interesting and lively.

2. The boys are playing football are from Class Six.

❓这句话正确还是错误?

➡️答:❌错误。 这句话是定语从句， 先行词the boys指人， 在从句中作主语，因此引导词可以用that或who, 且不能省略。

3. I like music I can dance to.

❓这句话是正确还是错误？

➡️答:✔️正确。 单元标题原句是I like music that I can dance to， 引导词that是可以省略的，因为that在从句中作宾语。

✍️练习:填入合适的引导词。

1)The man__________you met just now is my old friend.
2)The man _________ is walking on the playground is my old friend.
3)She brought with her three friends, none of __________ I had ever met before.

【答案】

1.who/whom/that

2.who/that

3.whom

✍️练习:用whose把两个句子合并为定语从句。

1)Parents are usually very proud. Their children graduate from college.
2)The teacher went to Japan to teach English. I took his class last semester.

【答案】

1.Parents whose children graduate from college are usually very proud.

2.The teacher whose class I took last semester went to Japan to teach English.

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whose 后面一定要加一个名词,  然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。

（一）只用that做关系代词

1、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, none, all, the one等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。

例如：
1）、Tell us everything that you know, please.请告诉我你知道的事。
2）、Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有我能为你做的事吗？
3）、I’ve read all the books that you gave me.我已经读了你给我的所有的书。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。

2、当先行词被序数词修饰时或被形容词最高级修饰时。

例如：
1）、This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.这是我看到过的最长的桥。
2）、The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

3、先行词既包括人又包括物。

例如：
1）、He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈论他曾经拜访过的老师和学校。
2）、Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 你能记得我们学过的那个科学家和他的理论吗？

4、先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句。例如：
1）、He is the very person that the police are looking for.他是警察寻找的那个人。
2）、This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 这是我想买的那本好字典。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。

5、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。

例如：

1）、Who is the man that came this morning?谁是今天早上来的人？
2）、Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?最适合我的T恤是那件？

✍️练习:

— Do you like the novel?
— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.
A．who B．when C．that D．this
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢这本小说吗？——是的，我喜欢。这是我读了三遍的第一本书。
考查定语从句。who指人，作主宾表；when指时间，作状语；that指人或物，作主宾表；this不能引导定语从句。先行词是“one”，指代小说，在从句中作read的宾语，且被序数词first修饰，此时只能用that引导从句。故选C。

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（二）只用which做关系代词

1、若介词放在先行词与从句之间，即关系代词前，指物时只可用which。

例如：
1）、The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.  我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。

2、先行词为that, those时，引导词用which。

例如：
1）、What’s that which was put in the car? 放在车子里面的东西是什么？

3、一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。

例如：
1）、Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
让我给你看看那本我刚刚从新开的图书馆借来的小说。

✍️练习:
—What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。
考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。

（三）只用who做关系代词

1、在there be结构中，先行词是人时，只用who。

例如：

1）、There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人相见你。

2、为了避免重复或引起歧义，有两个定语从句时，一个用that，另一个用who。

例如：
1）、The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.  那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。

3、当先行词是I, you, he, they时（常用于谚语之中），只用who。

例如：
1）、He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火自焚。

✍️练习:

— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help?
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢？——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。
考查定语从句。which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children，指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选D。