情态动词集合啦
好记性不如烂笔头✍
Let's start!
一、什么是情态动词
➡️定义：不能独立做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前表示说话，人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
➡️情态动词主要有：can/could, may/might,must/have to,need,shall/should/ought to,dare,will/would
二、情态动词特点
⏺️1.没有人称和单复数变化
⏺️2.情态动词后面加动词原形
⏺️3.情态动词否定式，在情态动词后面加not
⏺️4.情态动词没有被动语态
三、情态动词两大作用:
✅1.表情态
✅2.表推测
一、表情态
1.can和could
（1）表示能力
➡️can过去式could, can表示现在或将来的能力,could表示过去能力。
➡️同义替换：be able to。不能用can的时候就用【be able to】⚠️was/were able to do sth表示“成功做了某事”。
➡️在否定句中，wasn't/weren't able to比couldn't更加正式。
如：
I can make a birthday cake on my own.
我能独立制作一个生日蛋糕。
You can book a restaurant and buy tickets online.你可以在线上预定好餐厅，买好票。
I won't be able to see you off at the airport.I've got a meeting.
我不能去机场送你了。我要开会。（因为will也是情态动词，不能两个情态动词连在一起用，所以我们可以用be able to去代替can）
My sister was able to win the poster competition last week.
我妹妹在上周的海报大赛中获胜了。
（2）表示请求和允许
➡️表示请求时，用【could】语气更委婉。
➡️表示允许时，不用could。
如：Could you please give me a hand?It's too heavy.
能搭把手吗？太重了。
Can you tell me the way to the museum?
你能告诉我去博物馆的路吗？
If you finish the work, then you can go home.
如果你完成了工作，你就可以回家。
⚠️⚠️特殊用法：
⏺️can not.....too/enough表示“再...也不过分”“越...越好”，如：
You can not be too careful when taking an exam.
考试的时候你越仔细越好。
You can not pay too much attention to cars and people when driving a car.
开车的时候,你再怎么注意车辆和行人都不为过。
I can not appreciate enough for your help.
我应该好好感激你的帮忙。
⏺️can't but do =can do nothing but do“不得不，只好做某事”，如：
I can't but support your decision for I have no right to interfere with your freedom.
我只好支持你的决定，因为我无权干涉你的自由。
2.may/might
may的过去时might
（1）表示请求和允许
➡️表示请求时，用【might】语气更委婉。
➡️表示允许时, 用may,翻译为“可以”。
May/Might I ask you some private questions?
可以问你一些私密问题吗？
The teacher told us that we might do the cleaning tomorrow.
老师告诉我们，明天做清洁也可以的。
You may come whenever you like.
任何时候你想来都可以来。
- Excuse me, may I come in?
-Yes, please.
-打扰一下，我可以进来吗？
-请进。
（2）表祝愿，may+主语+动词原形
如：
May you succeed!祝你成功！
May you recover soon! 愿你早日康复！
May you return soon!祝你早日归来!
特殊用法：
may/might as well+动词原形“最好做某事”“倒不如做某事”，【 Might的语气比may更委婉】,同义替换：=had better do sth. 如:
You might as well inform him two days in advance.
你倒不如提前两天通知他。
You might as well tell him the truth now.
你最好现在就告诉他真相。
3.must
（1）表示“必须”，表示一种主观的义务。
➡️区分have to， 表示的是一种客观上的“不得不”
➡️ must的否定回答要用用don't have to或者是needn't。
➡️mustn't表示“禁止”，“严禁”
（2）表示一种与说话人愿望相反不耐烦的感情色彩，翻译为“偏要”，“非要”。
如：
You must make most of your time at school.
你必须要充分利用你在校的时间。
You must come back home before 11 o'clock.
你必须在11点之前回家。
I have to look after my younger sister because my parents are busy with their work.
由于父母都忙于工作，所以我不得不照顾妹妹。
- Must I finish the painting now?
-Yes,you must.
-No, you needn't./don't have to.
-我必须现在完成画画吗？
-是的，现在必须完成。
-不用，没必要现在完成。
4.need
（1）表示“需要”，表示必要性。只能用于一般现在时。
➡️通常用在否定句和疑问句当中。
➡️need的开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。
➡️ must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用don't have to或needn't。
如：
-Need I bring some bread for you?
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn't.
-需要我给你带点面包吗？
-是的，你必须带点。
-不，你不必。
-Must I go back home now?
-Yes, you must.
-No, you needn't.
-我现在必须回家吗？
-是的，你必须回家。
-不，你不必。
⚠️⚠️⚠️总结：must和need开头的疑问句，肯定回答都用must,否定回答都要用needn't。
5.will/would
（1）表示意愿，决心，此时would是will的过去式。
（2）表示请求，一般用于疑问句，Will you.....?如果用would的话，语气会更加委婉。
如：
I will be glad to help if you call me.
如果你打电话给我，我是乐意帮忙的。
Will you close the window?
你可以关上窗户吗？
Will you come to my birthday party?
你会来我的生日聚会吗？
Would you please give me a cup of coffee?
能给我一杯咖啡吗？
6.shall
（1）表示征求意见，“好不好”，用于第一人称，第三人称。
（2）表示许诺，威胁，警告，命令，用于第二人称，第三人称。
如：
Shall we start?
我们可以开始了吗？
What shall we do tomorrow?
我们明天做点什么呢?
You shall have the book when I finish reading.我读完这本书你就可以拥有这本书了。
He shall have bad scores if he doesn't study hard.
如果他不努力学习，他成绩会很差的。
You shall come back home at once.
你要立马回家。
7.should
（1）表示道德/道义上的责任，义务或要求，“应该”
➡️区分ought to。Ought to的语气更强，指的是按责任或者义务上来划分的“应该”。
（2） Should用于疑问句中，表示说话人对某事表示不能理解，感到意外/赞叹/愤怒/惊讶，翻译为“竟然，竟会”。
如：
You should tell him the truth.
你应该告诉他真相。
We should be strict with ourselves at work.
在工作中我们应该严于律己。
As a student, you shouldn't be late for class.
作为一名学生，你上课不应该迟到。
You ought to take good care of your parents when they are old.
当你父母老了的时候，你应该要照顾他们。
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
你无法想象一位举止得体的绅士竟对一名女士如此粗鲁。
Amazing!You should take your dog to the office.
不可思议，你竟然把狗狗带到办公室了。
接上节👆
二、表推测
1.can和could
➡️表示“可能”，【客观】指的是理论上或者逻辑判断上的可能，can的可能性＞could。表示可能的时候【could】，可以指现在也可以指过去。
➡️can常用于否定句和疑问句，could不限制。can表示“有时候会”与sometimes或at times连用。
如：
That young woman can't be Lily. Lily has gone to Shanghai yesterday.
那个年轻女人不可能是Lily。Lily昨天去了上海。
Chongqing can be extremely hot in August.
重庆有时8月极其的热。
2.may/might
➡️表示“可能”，“也许”，倾向于【主观】，但是语气不肯定。表示的可能性最小，may＞might。
➡️may常用于肯定句，不能用于疑问句。
Your judgement may be right.
你的判断可能是正确的。【主观】
Look at the clouds! It may rain this afternoon.
看看云，下午可能会下雨哦。
3.must
➡️表示“一定”，“肯定”，可能性最大，100%的可能性。表示有根据的有把握的推测。
➡️用于肯定句。否定句用can/could。
This purple pencil box must be Anna's. She was doing her homework here when I came in.
这紫色的铅笔盒一定是安娜的。我进来的时候她在做作业。
You must be ill. You look so pale.
你一定是生病了，你看起来脸色苍白。
4.will/would
➡️表示“想必”，“料想”，是对目前事物的预料，will表示现在/将来，would表示过去/现在。可行性＜must。
➡️will还表示“注定会”，可用来描述规律，或者真理。
➡️will表示“总是”，“总要”，“常常”，描述的经常性，习惯性，重复性动作。如果表示“过去常常”，就用would。
This will be the house you’re looking for.
这大概就是你找的那所房子了。
I think he would accept the invitation.
我想他会接受邀请的。
Man will die without water.
不喝水人就会死。
Oil will float on water.
油总是浮在水上面。
He will always complain if he gets the opportunity.
他一有机会总要抱怨。
5.should/ought to
➡️表示推测的可能性，“按理说应该”之意。可能性＜must。
如：
It is so cold today. It should snow tonight or tomorrow.
今天太冷了，今晚或者明天应该要下雪。
总结：
✅1.对现在或将来的推测，用情态动词+动词原形【do】。
✅2.对过去的推测，使用情态动词+完成时。
must have done.
would have done.
should have done.
could have done.
might have done.
✅3.注意反义疑问句中【must】的以下情况
➡️表示对现在事实的推测，反义疑问句与must后面的动词呼应。
You must be serious, aren't you?
你一定是认真的，对吧？
You must know the truth， don't you?
你一定知道事实，对吗？
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
➡️对过去事实的推测，表示状态时用【was】，表示动作，或者有表示过去的时间状语，借用助动词【did】，若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用【haven't或hasn't】。
如：
She must have been a teacher, wasn't she?
她过去曾是一名教师，是吗？
They must have gone to Shanghai last week，didn't they?
他们定是上周就去了上海，对吗？
They must have been to the Great Wall,haven't they?
他们一定去过长城，对吧？
He must have come back, hasn't he?
他一定已经回来了，是吗?
➡️对过去事实的推测，若must后面是被动语态，且有过去时间状语就按被动语态处理，疑问句部分用was/were。
1)The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasn't it?
这房间昨天定是已经打扫过了，对吗?
2)The room must have been cleaned,hasn't it?
房间定是已经打扫过了，对吗?
✍练习1【初中】
1．The teacher you saw in our classroom just now ________ be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Chongqing to attend ameeting.
A．must B．might C．can’t
2．—It must be Jim singing in the next door.
— It ________be him. He has gone to Quanzhou on business.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t
3．— Shall we go shopping?
— I’m afraid not. We ________ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
4．—Whose T-shirt isthis? Is it John’s?
—It ________ be his. It’s too small for him.
A．can’t B．may C．must D．needn’t
5．Driving in rushhours might be very dangerous, so you _______ be too careful.
A．can't B．mustn't C．can D．must
6．You ________ swim here! Look at the sign. It says “No swimming”.
A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t D．won’t
7．—Must I returnthe book this week?
—No, you ________. You can ________ it for 20 days.
A．mustn’t; keep B．needn’t; borrow
C．don’t have to; keep D．mustn’t; lend
8．Would you please________ the light for me? It’s too dark here.
A．to turn on B．to turn off
C．turn on D．turn off
9．"I'm afraid the doctor ________ see you now—he is busy." said the nurse to thepatient.
A．mustn't B．shouldn't
C．needn't D．can't
10．—________ you please make your bed, Julia?
—Yes, sure.
A．Must B．Need C．Could D．Should
答案：CBCAA ACCDC
✍练习2【初中】
1．（2021·青海中考真题）Children ________ be told not to swim in the river.
A．can B．must C．may D．might
2．（2021·北京）—Sam, ________ I join you in the community service?
—Of course you can.
A．can B．must C．should D．need
3．（2021·江苏中考真题）一I often see the sign in schools. What does it mean?
一Students ________ bring mobile phones to school.
A．needn’t B．can’t C．couldn’t D．wouldn’t
4．（2021·山东中考真题）— I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses.
—They ________ be his. He doesn’t wear glasses.
A．could B．must C．can’t
5．（2021·四川中考真题）— ________ I take a seat here?
— No,you can’t. They’re only for the old and children.
A．May B．Must C．Will
6．（2020·辽宁中考真题）We __________ stop our cars when the traffic lights turn red.
A．can B．must C．may D．might
7．（2020·湖南中考真题）—Where's Jane? —I'm not sure.She ______ in the library.
A．might be B．must be C．can't be
8．（2021·湖南中考真题）We ________ carry forward the spirit of serving the peoplewhole-heartedly
A．might B．should C．could
9．（2020·上海中考真题）According to the traffic law，children under 12________ride bicycles on the road．
A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't
10．（2021·四川中考真题）—Must I finish the job this Friday?
—No,you ________. You can finish it next Monday.
A．can’t B．need C．needn’t D．mustn’t
答案：BABCA BABDC
( )1. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man
A. would be B. would have been
C. must be D. must have been
( )2.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen ____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need
C. should D. would
( )3. You ____buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must B. mustn’t
C. have to D. don’t have to
( )4.-Are you coming to Jeff's party?
-I'm not sure. I_____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B.would C.should D.might
( )5. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?
A Must B Can C May D Will
( )6. I____ have watched that movie
-it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t
C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
( )7. Mark____ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A.needn’t B. wouldn’t
C.mustn’t D. couldn’t
( )8.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he_______not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
( )9.- ____I take the book out? -I’m afraid not.
A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
( )10.Just be patient .You______ expect the world to change so soon .
A.can’t B. needn’t
C. may not D. whether
( )11.Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A.needn't B. can't C.should D. may
( )12.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
( )13.May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you____ .You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t
C. needn’t D. mustn’t
( )14.It has been announced that candidates ____remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
( )15.I’m afraid Mr. Harding______see you now. He’s busy.
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t D .needn’t
( )16. As you worked late yesterday, you____ have come this morning.
A.mayn’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
( )17.I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left
C. Couldn't have left D.needn't leave
( )18.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.
A. can B. will C. must D. may
( )19. Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.may not
( )20.-Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry, I am not sure. But it____ be.
A.might B.will C.must D.can
答案：
1-5 DCDDA 6-10 AADBA
11-15 BCDDA 16-20 DBCBA
练习4【高中】
( )21.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers____ not like the design of the furniture.
A.must B.shall C.may D.need
( )22. “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can C. must D. would
( )23.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
( )24.You____ park here! It’s an emergency exit.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t
C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
( )25.Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they____ just be quiet people.
A. must B. may C. should D. would
( )26.One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must C. should D. can
( )27.It’s the office! So you_____ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.
A. must B. will C. may D.need
( )28.What do you mean, there_____ are only ten tickets? There be twelve.
A. should B. would C. will D. shall
( )29.It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
( )30.-I don’t care what people think.-Well, you ____.
A. could B. would
C. should D. might
( )31.This printer is of good quality. If it ____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B.should C. could D. might
( )32.-Hi, Tom.Any idea where Jane is?-She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be B.should have been
C. must be D.might have been
( )33.I can’t leave. She told me that I_____ stay here until she comes back.
A. can B. must C. will D. may
( )34.He did not regret saying what he____ did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
( )35.-I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
-You____ her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told
C.must tell D.should have told
( )36.Liza ____well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
A.will B.can C.must D.may
( )37.John promised his doctor he____ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
A.might B.should
C.could D.would
( )38. She____ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A.can’t B.wouldn’t
C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
( )39.What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____better.
A.need have done
B.must have done
C.can have done
D.might have done
( )40.You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book.You_____find the book by the title.
A.must B.need C.can D.would
答案：
21-25 CBCDB 26-30 DAACC
31-35 BCBCD 36-40 DDADC
以上就是形态动词的内容。当然内容可能还有缺失的部分，在做题或者学习当中有碰到的可以再查询+记忆。
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