大数据文摘授权转载自追问nextquestion
我常想,假如上帝给我三天光明,我最想看什么呢?或者我将怎样享受这份幸福呢?当我这样想的时候,也请你想一下吧。请想想这个问题,假定你也只有三天光明,那么你会怎样使用你的眼睛,你最想让你的目光停留在什么地方呢?——海伦·凯勒
现有视力恢复技术和难题
▷表1 描述人类皮层电刺激感知效果的论文
“虚拟患者”解决数据不足问题
▷Fine, Ione, and Geoffrey M. Boynton. "A virtual patient simulation modeling the neural and perceptual effects of human visual cortical stimulation, from pulse trains to percepts." Scientific Reports 14.1 (2024): 17400.
▷图1. 从脉冲序列到感知强度随时间变化的转换示意图
▷图2. 皮层模型示意图
(A) 从视觉空间到皮层表面的变换。(B) 方向针轮图。(C) 眼位优势列。(D) ON和OFF亚单位空间分离。(E) ON与OFF相对强度。(F) 感受野大小。
▷图3. 使用“虚拟患者”预测感知结果
(A) 显示了包含非常小的深度电极阵列的模拟感知。下左面板显示了阵列中电极的位置和大小。右上面板显示了三个单独电极的示例感知。下面板显示了同时刺激成对电极组合时的预测结果。(B, C) 显示了不同电极大小和皮层位置下的模拟预测感知形状和大小。面板C中的狭窄阴影区域表示5–95%的置信区间。
▷图4. 比较不同电极阵列配置的模拟
(A)视觉场中的电极规则间隔布置。(B) 皮层表面上的电极规则间隔布置。(C) ‘最佳’间隔。
“虚拟患者”模型带来的启示
现有“虚拟患者”模型不足
未来展望
1. Beauchamp, M. S. et al. Dynamic Stimulation of Visual Cortex Produces Form Vision in Sighted and Blind Humans. Cell 181, 774-783.e5 (2020).
2. Bosking, W. H. et al. Saturation in phosphene size with increasing current levels delivered to human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 37, 7188–7197 (2017).
3. Gabel, V. P. Artifi Cial Vision A Clinical Guide.
4. Fernández, E. et al. Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. Journal of Clinical Investigation 131, (2021).
5. Fine, I. & Boynton, G. M. A virtual patient simulation modeling the neural and perceptual effects of human visual cortical stimulation, from pulse trains to percepts. Sci Rep 14, 17400 (2024).
6. da Cruz, L. et al. Five-Year Safety and Performance Results from the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology 123, (2016).
7. Stingl, K. et al. Subretinal Visual Implant Alpha IMS - Clinical trial interim report. Vision Res 111, (2015).
8. Ayton, L. N. et al. First-in-human trial of a novel suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. PLoS One 9, (2014).
9. Lorach, H. et al. Photovoltaic restoration of sight with high visual acuity. Nat Med 21, (2015).
10. Fujikado, T. et al. One-year outcome of 49-channel suprachoroidal–transretinal stimulation prosthesis in patients with advanced retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57, (2016).
11. Saunders, A. L. et al. Development of a surgical procedure for implantation of a prototype suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 42, (2014).
12. Sommerhalder, J. & Pérez Fornos, A. Artificial Vision A Clinical Guide. Artificial Vision (2017).
13. Palanker, D., Le Mer, Y., Mohand-Said, S. & Sahel, J. A. Simultaneous perception of prosthetic and natural vision in AMD patients. Nat Commun 13, (2022).
14. Fine, I. & Boynton, G. M. A virtual patient simulation modeling the neural and perceptual effects of human visual cortical stimulation, from pulse trains to percepts. Sci Rep 14, 17400 (2024).