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Li+、I-和Ag的迁移和扩散阻碍了长期运行稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的实现。鉴于此，昆明理工大学陈江照教授、何冬梅教授、华北电力大学李美成教授和阜阳师范大学张甲甲副教授等人报道了一种多功能通用的分子络合策略，通过直接将双（2,4,6-三氯苯基）草酸盐（TCPO）掺入空穴传输层（HTL），同时抑制Li+、I-和Ag的迁移，最终同时稳定HTL、钙钛矿层和Ag电极。同时，TCPO掺杂提高了HTL的空穴迁移率、改善了能带排列和钝化了界面缺陷，从而促进空穴抽取并最小化非辐射复合损失。TCPO掺杂的正式器件实现了25.68%的功率转换效率（PCE）（认证效率为25.59%）。未封装的TCPO掺杂器件在一个太阳光照下连续运行730小时后保留其初始效率的90%以上，在30%相对湿度下储存2800小时后保留其初始效率的90%以上，在65 °C老化1200小时后保持其初始效率的90%以上，这是正式PSC报道的最佳稳定性之一。该工作为通过合理设计多功能配体分子和主客体络合策略提高PSC的PCE和长期稳定性提供了一种新方法。![]()
Figure 1. Theoretical
insights into inhibition mechanisms of mobile Li+ ions. (a) ESP images of
TCB, OA, and TCPO. Molecular structures (b) and binding energies (c) of Li+with TCB, OA, and TCPO calculated and optimized using density functional
theory. (d) Design thought of TCPO ligand molecules used for host-guest
complexation interaction.![]()
Figure 2. Promoted p-doping
by TCPO and chemical interaction of TCPO with Li+ ion. (a) ESR spectra of Spiro, Spiro-TCPO, Spiro-Li, and Spiro-Li-TCPO solutions.
(b) UV-visible absorption spectra of Spiro, Spiro-TCPO, Spiro-Li and
Spiro-Li-TCPO films. (c) Cyclic voltammograms of Spiro, Spiro-TCPO, Spiro-Li,
and Spiro-Li-TCPO. (d) FTIR spectra of Li-TFSI, TCPO and TCPO-Li-TFSI
in the wavenumber range of 1600-2000 cm-1. (e) 7Li NMR of
Li-TFSI solutions with and without TCPO. (f) 13C NMR of TCPO
solutions with and without Li-TFSI. (g) Schematic illustration of the
mechanisms of p-doping promotion and Li+ migration suppression via
TCPO.![]()
Figure 3. Characterization
of HTLs without and with TCPO. AFM (a) and c-AFM (b) images of pure Spiro, Spiro-TCPO, Spiro-Li, and
Spiro-Li-TCPO. The size of the
images is 2×2 μm2. Conductivities (c) and hole
mobilities (d) of pure Spiro,
Spiro-TCPO, Spiro-Li, and Spiro-Li-TCPO. PL (e) and TRPL (f) spectra of
perovskite films coated with Spiro-Li and Spiro-Li-TCPO films on glass
substrates. PVSK stands for perovskite.
(g) Energy level arrangement of Spiro-Li films with and without TCPO.![]()
Figure 4.Simultaneous
suppression of Li+, I- and Ag migration via host-guest
complexation. (a) Photographs
of the perovskite films with Spiro-Li (control) and Spiro-Li-TCPO (target)
under damp and heat environment (temperature 85 ℃, relative humidity 61%) after
aging for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. (b) Water contact angles of the perovskite
films with Spiro-Li and Spiro-Li-TCPO. (c) Cross-sectional SEM images of the perovskite
films with Spiro-Li and Spiro-Li-TCPO under damp and heat environment
(temperature 85 ℃, relative humidity 61%) before and after aging for 8 days. (d)TOF-SIMS
for the control and target devices after exposing to one sun and heating at 65 °C
for 8 days. (e) TOF-SIMS 3D reconstruction of CsAg+, Cs2I-and
Li+ ions. (f)Schematic
diagram of suppressing I-, Li+, and Ag migration through
TCPO.![]()
Figure
5.Photovoltaic performance and
long-term stability of devices without and with TCPO. (a) J-V curves of the best-performing
devices without and with TCPO. (b) J-V curves
of the champion control and target devices with an active area of 1 cm2.
(c) J-V curves of the best-performing
devices without and with TCPO prepared using a two-step perovskite deposition
approach (active area 0.08 cm2). (d) Comparison
of the PCEs for our device and reported highly efficient n-i-p
structure PSCs. TPC (e) and TPV (f) curves for the control and target
devices. (g) Humidity stability of the control and modified PSCs in a
light-shielded environment at 25-35% relative humidity. (h) Operation stability of the
unencapsulated control and target devices at MPP under continuous 1 sun
irradiation. (i) Thermal stability of the unencapsulated
control and modified devices heated at 65 °C in a dark nitrogen glove box.Qian Zhou#, Yingying Yang#, Dongmei
He*, Ke Yang, Yue Yu, Xinxing Liu, Jiajia Zhang*, Xuxia Shai, Jinsong Wang,
Jianhong Yi, Meicheng Li*, Jiangzhao Chen*. Simultaneous suppression of
multilayer ion migration via molecular complexation strategy toward
high-performance regular perovskite solar cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2024, e202416605.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202416605
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