低代码平台实战：从零搭建简易低代码平台
大家好，在前两篇文章中，我们分别学习了可视化搭建引擎和组件配置系统的开发。今天，我们将把这些知识整合起来，从零开始搭建一个简单但完整的低代码平台。
1. 项目初始化
首先，让我们使用 Create React App 创建项目并添加必要的依赖：
# 创建项目
npx create-react-app low-code-platform --template typescript
# 添加依赖
npm install antd @ant-design/icons styled-components react-beautiful-dnd
npm install @monaco-editor/react lodash immer2. 项目结构设计
src/
├── components/ # 公共组件
│ ├── DragPanel/ # 拖拽面板
│ ├── Canvas/ # 画布
│ └── ConfigPanel/ # 配置面板
├── core/ # 核心逻辑
│ ├── material/ # 物料相关
│ ├── editor/ # 编辑器相关
│ └── generator/ # 代码生成相关
├── hooks/ # 自定义 Hooks
├── store/ # 状态管理
└── types/ # 类型定义3. 核心类型定义
// types/index.ts
exportinterfaceComponent {
id: string;
type: string;
props: Record<string, any>;
children?: Component[];
style?: React.CSSProperties;
}
exportinterfaceMaterial {
type: string;
name: string;
icon?: React.ReactNode;
defaultProps: Record<string, any>;
schema: MaterialSchema;
}
exportinterfaceMaterialSchema {
properties: Record<string, PropertySchema>;
style?: Record<string, PropertySchema>;
events?: Record<string, EventSchema>;
}
exportinterfaceEditorState {
components: Component[];
selectedId: string | null;
clipboard: Component | null;
}4. 状态管理实现
使用 React Context 和 useReducer 实现状态管理：
// store/editor.ts
import { createContext, useContext, useReducer } from'react';
import produce from'immer';
interfaceEditorAction {
type: string;
payload?: any;
}
constinitialState: EditorState = {
components: [],
selectedId: null,
clipboard: null
};
const editorReducer = produce((draft: EditorState, action: EditorAction) => {
switch (action.type) {
case'ADD_COMPONENT':
draft.components.push(action.payload);
break;
case'UPDATE_COMPONENT':
const component = findComponent(draft.components, action.payload.id);
if (component) {
Object.assign(component, action.payload.updates);
}
break;
case'DELETE_COMPONENT':
removeComponent(draft.components, action.payload);
break;
case'SELECT_COMPONENT':
draft.selectedId = action.payload;
break;
case'COPY_COMPONENT':
draft.clipboard = findComponent(draft.components, action.payload);
break;
case'PASTE_COMPONENT':
if (draft.clipboard) {
draft.components.push({
...draft.clipboard,
id: generateId()
});
}
break;
}
});
exportconstEditorContext = createContext<{
state: EditorState;
dispatch: React.Dispatch<EditorAction>;
}>({
state: initialState,
dispatch: () =>null
});
exportconstuseEditor = () => useContext(EditorContext);5. 拖拽面板实现
// components/DragPanel/index.tsx
importReactfrom'react';
import { Card } from'antd';
import { DragSource } from'react-dnd';
constMaterialItem: React.FC<{
material: Material;
isDragging: boolean;
connectDragSource: any;
}> = ({ material, isDragging, connectDragSource }) => {
returnconnectDragSource(
<div className="material-item">
<Card
size="small"
style={{ opacity: isDragging ? 0.5 : 1 }}
>
<div className="material-icon">{material.icon}</div>
<div className="material-name">{material.name}</div>
</Card>
</div>
);
};
const materialSource = {
beginDrag: (props: { material: Material }) => ({
material: props.material
})
};
constDragPanel: React.FC = () => {
return (
<div className="drag-panel">
<h3>组件库</h3>
<div className="materials">
{materials.map(material => (
<DragSource(
'MATERIAL',
materialSource,
(connect, monitor) => ({
connectDragSource: connect.dragSource(),
isDragging: monitor.isDragging()
})
)(MaterialItem)
))}
</div>
</div>
);
};6. 画布实现
// components/Canvas/index.tsx
importReactfrom'react';
import { DropTarget } from'react-dnd';
import { useEditor } from'../../store/editor';
constCanvas: React.FC<{
connectDropTarget: any;
isOver: boolean;
}> = ({ connectDropTarget, isOver }) => {
const { state, dispatch } = useEditor();
constrenderComponent = (component: Component) => {
constMaterial = materials[component.type];
if (!Material) returnnull;
return (
<div
key={component.id}
className={`canvas-item ${state.selectedId === component.id ? 'selected' : ''}`}
onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'SELECT_COMPONENT', payload: component.id })}
>
<Material {...component.props} style={component.style}>
{component.children?.map(renderComponent)}
</Material>
</div>
);
};
returnconnectDropTarget(
<div className={`canvas ${isOver ? 'drag-over' : ''}`}>
{state.components.map(renderComponent)}
</div>
);
};
const canvasTarget = {
drop: (props: any, monitor: any, component: any) => {
const item = monitor.getItem();
const { material } = item;
component.props.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_COMPONENT',
payload: {
id: generateId(),
type: material.type,
props: { ...material.defaultProps },
style: {}
}
});
}
};
exportdefaultDropTarget(
'MATERIAL',
canvasTarget,
(connect, monitor) => ({
connectDropTarget: connect.dropTarget(),
isOver: monitor.isOver()
})
)(Canvas);7. 配置面板实现
// components/ConfigPanel/index.tsx
importReactfrom'react';
import { Form, Tabs } from'antd';
import { useEditor } from'../../store/editor';
constConfigPanel: React.FC = () => {
const { state, dispatch } = useEditor();
const selectedComponent = state.components.find(c => c.id === state.selectedId);
if (!selectedComponent) {
return<div className="config-panel empty">请选择组件</div>;
}
const material = materials[selectedComponent.type];
const schema = material.schema;
consthandleChange = (changes: Record<string, any>) => {
dispatch({
type: 'UPDATE_COMPONENT',
payload: {
id: selectedComponent.id,
updates: changes
}
});
};
return (
<div className="config-panel">
<Tabs defaultActiveKey="props">
<Tabs.TabPane tab="属性" key="props">
<Form layout="vertical">
{Object.entries(schema.properties).map(([key, config]) => (
<Form.Item key={key} label={config.title}>
<PropertyEditor
type={config.type}
value={selectedComponent.props[key]}
onChange={value => handleChange({ props: { ...selectedComponent.props, [key]: value } })}
/>
</Form.Item>
))}
</Form>
</Tabs.TabPane>
<Tabs.TabPane tab="样式" key="style">
<Form layout="vertical">
{Object.entries(schema.style || {}).map(([key, config]) => (
<Form.Item key={key} label={config.title}>
<PropertyEditor
type={config.type}
value={selectedComponent.style?.[key]}
onChange={value => handleChange({ style: { ...selectedComponent.style, [key]: value } })}
/>
</Form.Item>
))}
</Form>
</Tabs.TabPane>
</Tabs>
</div>
);
};8. 代码生成器实现
// core/generator/index.ts
exportclassCodeGenerator {
generate(components: Component[]): string {
const imports = this.generateImports(components);
const jsx = this.generateJSX(components);
return`
import React from 'react';
${imports}
export default function GeneratedPage() {
return (
<div className="page">
${jsx}
</div>
);
}`;
}
privategenerateImports(components: Component[]): string {
const types = newSet(components.map(c => c.type));
returnArray.from(types)
.map(type =>`import { ${type} } from 'antd';`)
.join('\n');
}
privategenerateJSX(components: Component[]): string {
return components
.map(component => {
const props = this.stringifyProps(component.props);
const style = component.style ? ` style={${JSON.stringify(component.style)}}` : '';
return`<${component.type} ${props}${style} />`;
})
.join('\n');
}
privatestringifyProps(props: Record<string, any>): string {
returnObject.entries(props)
.map(([key, value]) =>`${key}={${JSON.stringify(value)}}`)
.join(' ');
}
}9. 主界面整合
// App.tsx
importReactfrom'react';
import { DndProvider } from'react-dnd';
import { HTML5Backend } from'react-dnd-html5-backend';
import { EditorContext, editorReducer, initialState } from'./store/editor';
importDragPanelfrom'./components/DragPanel';
importCanvasfrom'./components/Canvas';
importConfigPanelfrom'./components/ConfigPanel';
constApp: React.FC = () => {
const [state, dispatch] = React.useReducer(editorReducer, initialState);
return (
<EditorContext.Provider value={{ state, dispatch }}>
<DndProvider backend={HTML5Backend}>
<div className="app">
<div className="left">
<DragPanel />
</div>
<div className="center">
<Canvas />
</div>
<div className="right">
<ConfigPanel />
</div>
</div>
</DndProvider>
</EditorContext.Provider>
);
};
exportdefaultApp;10. 功能扩展
10.1 快捷键支持
// hooks/useHotkeys.ts
import { useEffect } from'react';
import { useEditor } from'../store/editor';
exportconstuseHotkeys = () => {
const { dispatch } = useEditor();
useEffect(() => {
consthandler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
if (e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey) {
switch (e.key) {
case'c':
dispatch({ type: 'COPY_COMPONENT' });
break;
case'v':
dispatch({ type: 'PASTE_COMPONENT' });
break;
case'z':
dispatch({ type: 'UNDO' });
break;
}
}
};
window.addEventListener('keydown', handler);
return() =>window.removeEventListener('keydown', handler);
}, [dispatch]);
};10.2 预览模式
// components/Preview/index.tsx
importReactfrom'react';
import { Modal } from'antd';
import { useEditor } from'../../store/editor';
constPreview: React.FC<{
visible: boolean;
onClose: () =>void;
}> = ({ visible, onClose }) => {
const { state } = useEditor();
return (
<Modal
title="预览"
visible={visible}
onCancel={onClose}
width="80%"
footer={null}
>
<div className="preview-container">
{/* 渲染预览内容 */}
</div>
</Modal>
);
};11. 项目打包与部署
# 构建生产版本
npm run build
# 使用 Docker 部署
docker build -t low-code-platform .
docker run -p 80:80 low-code-platform总结
这个简易的低代码平台实现了以下核心功能：
1. 组件拖拽 2. 属性配置 3. 样式编辑 4. 实时预览 5. 代码生成
虽然这只是一个基础版本，但已经包含了低代码平台的核心功能。在此基础上，你可以进一步扩展：
1. 添加更多组件 2. 实现组件嵌套 3. 增加数据源配置 4. 支持自定义主题 5. 添加更多交互功能
下一章，我们将开始探索 AI 辅助开发相关的内容，敬请期待！
