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The interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines have now become the mainstay of electric vehicles up to a few hundred kilowatts capacity. The wide constant-power speed range, high efficiency and compact size are the reasons for its wide adoption in the traction industry. The availability, cost and supply issues of the PM materials notwithstanding. This keynote traces the developments over the recent past that led to this and discusses future developments of the IPM motor and its controls that are in the horizon. One of the emerging applications of compact and hence light-weight motors will be in the future aviation industry with vertical take-off aircrafts and drones for personal and commercial transport. These applications are expected to employ multitudes of high-speed machines far beyond the calls of land-based electric vehicles. Another emerging application is for compressors in the air-conditioning industry, especially in data-storage centers, where high speed of operation increases the efficiency of compressors. The trend towards reduced usage of PM materials in machines, with elimination of PM materials in rotor excited machines will also be described.

Faz Rahman graduated in 1972 from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. He obtained his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in 1975 and 1978 from University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK. He joined the General Electric Co, in UK as a Systems Design Engineer in September 1978 for developing automation software for electrical drives in the steel and aluminum rolling mills. He joined the National University of Singapore in 1980 as a lecturer, after two years at the GEC. He joined the University of New South Wales, Australia in 1988 as a Senior Lecturer, from where he retired as a full Professor in Energy Systems in December 2020. He has authored 4 books, 24 invited chapters in books, 128 journal and more than 384 conference papers. He is a Life-Fellow of the IEEE. His significant contributions are in the research in the high-performance control techniques, design of compact IPM machines with wide field-weakening range, model predictive and sensorless control. He has 16774 Citations and h-index of 58 in Google Scholar.

Starting from a brief structural description of single-sided linear induction machines (LIMs), their main applications will be exposed with specific reference to transportation (such as linear metro, light railway, MAGLEV), launchers, actuators for industry, etc. As a first step, the main differences between rotating and linear induction motors will be highlighted, focusing on the aspects end effects in details. Design criteria of LIMs will be specifically discussed, emphasizing the main differences with the classic rotating induction motor design, caused by end effects, large air-gaps, half-filled slots, high leakage inductances, etc. Afterwards, in order to improve the working efficiency, it will share advancements in the accurate modelling, loss minimization control strategy, multi-objective optimization technique, etc., for LIMs and drives. Researchers and engineers from electrical, mechanical and information fields may find this speech very useful when dealing with transportation motor and drive related design, control, system integration, which can be extended to other industrial applications.

Prof. Wei Xu has mainly focused on design and control for linear machines and drives since 2005. He received the double B.E. degree from Tianjin University (TJU), China, in June 2002, and M.E. degree from TJU in February 2005, and the Ph.D. degree from Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), in July 2008, respectively, all in electrical engineering. From 2008 to 2012, he made Postdoctoral Fellow with University of Technology Sydney, Vice Chancellor Research Fellow with Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Japan Science Promotion Society Invitation Fellow with Meiji University, respectively. From October 2013 to December 2023, he was Professor with Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. Since January 2024, he has been Professor and Director for Key Laboratory with IEECAS. Prof. Xu has been one IEEE Fellow since 2024, and one IET Fellow since 2018. Prof. Xu is the General Chair for 2021 International Symposium on Linear Drives for Industry Applications (LDIA 2021) and 2023 IEEE International Conference on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE 2023). He is the funding chair for Wuhan Chapter in IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, and one International Steering Committee member for LDIA. He has been (associate) editor for 10 IEEE Journals, including IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, and so on. Till May 2024, Prof. Xu has published over 170 journal papers in IEEE Series, and 11 books, and been granted for over 150 Invention Patents, which has been cited by over 9800 times with H-index 48 based on Google Scholar.

With increasing implementations of renewables and battery energy storages, LVDC and MVDC resurge in recent years for their competitive solutions to AC counterparts. This keynote speech traces recent trends in LVDC and MVDC applications and development of key technologies. Three key technologies in successful operation of LVDC and MVDC systems include: 1) multi-port converters and energy routers for controllable integration and power flow, 2) converter control and hierarchical control architecture for safe operations and interoperability, and 3) reliable and economical DC protection devices and methods.

Prof. Li “Lisa” Qi received her B.E. degree from Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU), China, in 1994, and M.E. degree from Zhejiang University (ZJU) in 1997, and the Ph.D. degree from Texas A&M University, in 2004, respectively. All in electrical engineering. From 2004 to 2009, Dr. Qi was a research faculty at Florida State University, USA. In 2009, Dr. Qi joined ABB Research Center in Raleigh, NC, USA. From 2017 to 2024, she was a Senior Principal Scientist at ABB. Being an industrial researcher, Dr. Qi worked on various types of AC and DC commercial and industrial systems, DC distribution protection, and integration of renewables. In April 2024, Dr. Qi joined XJTU as a professor in College of Electrical Engineering. Dr. Qi became IEEE Fellow in 2024 for contributions to DC distribution protection and architectures of DC shipboard power systems. Dr. Qi is the Co-Chair of technical committee of 2021 and 2024 IEEE International Conferences on DC Microgrid (ICDCM). She has been (associate) editors for several IEEE Journals, including IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Dr. Qi has 20 granted international patents and published >80 journal and conference papers.

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Electrical Machines and Drives