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this,that,these和those是指示代词：these是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事；those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。例句2:These pictures are good.例句3:Are those apple trees? 在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those,以避免重复。例句4:Are these/those your apples?Yes,they are.1.There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。例句：There is a book on the desk.例句：On the desk there is a book.2.There be句型后be动词只考虑is,are.其后名词若是单数或不可数名词用is,若是复数就用are.①There is a tree behind the house. ②There is some water in the bottle. ③There are some pears in the box.3.如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are.例句：There is a book and some pens on the floor.例句：There are some pens and a book on the floor.例句：I like the baby very much.2.后接动名词（－ing),表示“喜欢做某事＂，着重于习惯、爱好例句：Tom likes playing football.3.后接动词不定式（to do),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。例句：I like reading,but I like to watch TV this evening.1.this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。2.距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that.例句：This is a flower. That is a tree.3.放在一起的两样东西，先说this,后说that.例句：This is a pen. That is a pencil.4.向别人介绍某人时说this is.....不说that is....例句：This is Helen. Helen,this is Tom.5.this is不能缩写，而that is可以缩写。例句：This is a bike. That's a car.6.打电话时，介绍自己用this,询问对方用that.例句：－Hello! Is that Miss Green?7.在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时，要用it代替this或that.例句：－Is this a notebook?-Yes,it is.例句：What's that? -It's a kite.例句：They want to join the sports club.例句：He wants to play basketball.3.变疑问句、否定句，要借助助动词do或does.例句：－Do you want to play football?例句：－Does he want to go home by bus?变化：I→we,you→you,she/he/it→they例句：She is a girl. →They are girls.例句：I'm a student. →We are students.例句：He is a boy. →They are boys.例句：It is an apple. →They are apples.5.指示代词this/that要变为these/those.例句：This is a box. →These are boxes.英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期，其顺序为“月＋日＋年”，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd,2003（2003年8月2日）如：10th1 May, 2003（2003年5月10日）2.过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以30分为分界线）例如：1:25 twenty-five past one。例如：4:15 a quarter past four
