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基本介绍
K3d 是一个轻量级的 Kubernetes 安装器，支持在 Docker 中运行单节点或多节点的 K3s 集群，可以用于开发、测试和 CI/CD。
K3s 是一个由 Rancher 发布的轻量级 Kubernetes 发行版，专为边缘计算、物联网（IoT）、CI/CD、开发测试环境以及在 ARM 设备上运行而设计。它具有以下特点：
轻量级：K3s 的二进制文件小于 100MB，占用的内存资源也相对较少，使得它能够在资源受限的环境中运行
易于安装：K3s 可以通过一个简单的命令快速安装，并且支持多种安装方式，包括在物理机、虚拟机或容器中运行
兼容性：K3s 与 Kubernetes 兼容，支持 Kubernetes 的 API，可以使用标准的 kubectl 工具进行管理和操作
内置功能：K3s 内置了一些常用的功能和服务，如 Traefik Ingress 控制器、Helm 控制器、本地存储提供程序和负载均衡器等
安全性：K3s 默认配置是安全的，并且支持自动更新证书，减少了安全风险 跨平台支持：K3s 支持多种架构，包括 x86_64、ARM64 和 ARMv7，使其可以灵活地在不同的硬件上运行
K3d 下载、安装
# AMD架构wget -O /usr/bin/k3d https://github.com/k3d-io/k3d/releases/download/v5.7.3/k3d-linux-amd64chmod +x /usr/bin/k3d# ARM架构wget -O /usr/bin/k3d https://github.com/k3d-io/k3d/releases/download/v5.7.3/k3d-linux-arm64chmod +x /usr/bin/k3d# 查看版本信息k3d version
K3d 部署 Kubernetes 集群
1、准备工作
# 关闭防火墙systemctl disable --now firewalld# 关闭 selinxusetenforce 0sed -i ’s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config# 清空 iptables 规则iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F# 禁用 swap 分区swapoff -ased -i '/swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab# 安装 docker、kubectl（详细过程略）docker 版本高于 v20.10.5，runc 版本高于 v1.0.0-rc93
2、部署集群
单节点集群（包含一个 Master 节点的集群）
k3d cluster create demo -s 1🔔 -s：指定 Master 节点数量，默认为 1# 输出信息INFO[0000] Prep: NetworkINFO[0000] Created network 'k3d-demo'INFO[0000] Created image volume k3d-demo-imagesINFO[0000] Starting new tools node...INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-demo-server-0'INFO[0001] Pulling image 'ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-tools:5.7.3'INFO[0004] Starting node 'k3d-demo-tools'INFO[0007] Pulling image 'docker.io/rancher/k3s:v1.30.3-k3s1'INFO[0012] Creating LoadBalancer 'k3d-demo-serverlb'INFO[0014] Pulling image 'ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-proxy:5.7.3'INFO[0019] Using the k3d-tools node to gather environment informationINFO[0019] HostIP: using network gateway 172.18.0.1 addressINFO[0019] Starting cluster 'demo'INFO[0019] Starting servers...INFO[0019] Starting node 'k3d-demo-server-0'INFO[0025] All agents already running.INFO[0025] Starting helpers...INFO[0025] Starting node 'k3d-demo-serverlb'INFO[0032] Injecting records for hostAliases (incl. host.k3d.internal) and for 2 network members into CoreDNS configmap...INFO[0034] Cluster 'demo' created successfully!INFO[0034] You can now use it like this:kubectl cluster-info
多节点集群（部署包含一个 Master 节点和一个 Node 节点的集群）
k3d cluster create demo -a 1🔔 -a：指定 Node 节点数量，默认为 0# 输出信息INFO[0000] Prep: NetworkINFO[0000] Created network 'k3d-demo'INFO[0000] Created image volume k3d-demo-imagesINFO[0000] Starting new tools node...INFO[0000] Starting node 'k3d-demo-tools'INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-demo-server-0'INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-demo-agent-0'INFO[0001] Creating LoadBalancer 'k3d-demo-serverlb'INFO[0001] Using the k3d-tools node to gather environment informationINFO[0002] HostIP: using network gateway 172.19.0.1 addressINFO[0002] Starting cluster 'demo'INFO[0002] Starting servers...INFO[0002] Starting node 'k3d-demo-server-0'INFO[0007] Starting agents...INFO[0008] Starting node 'k3d-demo-agent-0'INFO[0020] Starting helpers...INFO[0020] Starting node 'k3d-demo-serverlb'INFO[0026] Injecting records for hostAliases (incl. host.k3d.internal) and for 3 network members into CoreDNS configmap...INFO[0029] Cluster 'demo' created successfully!INFO[0029] You can now use it like this:kubectl cluster-info
# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES03daca5d7ad5 ghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-proxy:5.7.3 "/bin/sh -c nginx-pr…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:36823->6443/tcp k3d-demo-serverlb08a14f0a247b rancher/k3s:v1.30.3-k3s1 "/bin/k3d-entrypoint…" About a minute ago Up About a minute k3d-demo-agent-0b36d45027338 rancher/k3s:v1.30.3-k3s1 "/bin/k3d-entrypoint…" About a minute ago Up About a minute k3d-demo-server-0# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-proxy 5.7.3 0475c00b0478 3 weeks ago 61.2MBghcr.io/k3d-io/k3d-tools 5.7.3 91ba69c868e8 3 weeks ago 20.8MBrancher/k3s v1.30.3-k3s1 86193a59fa57 3 weeks ago 209MB
K3d 常用命令
# 创建集群k3d cluster create demo# 删除集群k3d cluster delete demo# 查看集群k3d cluster list========================================================================k3d -hhttps://k3d.io/k3d is a wrapper CLI that helps you to easily create k3s clusters inside docker.Nodes of a k3d cluster are docker containers running a k3s image.All Nodes of a k3d cluster are part of the same docker network.Usage:k3d [flags]k3d [command]Available Commands:cluster Manage cluster(s)completion Generate completion scripts for [bash, zsh, fish, powershell | psh]config Work with config file(s)help Help about any commandimage Handle container images.kubeconfig Manage kubeconfig(s)node Manage node(s)registry Manage registry/registriesversion Show k3d and default k3s versionFlags:--help help for k3dEnable Log timestampsEnable super verbose output (trace logging)Enable verbose output (debug logging)Show k3d and default k3s versionUse "k3d [command] --help" for more information about a command.========================================================================# k3d cluster 命令汇总k3d cluster -hManage cluster(s)Usage:k3d cluster [flags]k3d cluster [command]Available Commands:create Create a new clusterdelete Delete cluster(s).edit [EXPERIMENTAL] Edit cluster(s).list List cluster(s)start Start existing k3d cluster(s)stop Stop existing k3d cluster(s)Flags:--help help for clusterGlobal Flags:Enable Log timestampsEnable super verbose output (trace logging)Enable verbose output (debug logging)Use "k3d cluster [command] --help" for more information about a command.
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