前言
废话不多说,直接上图。没错就是rm -rf *
,就问你猛不猛吧?哈哈
这个是从库,没有读业务和其他下游同步,风险可控。但是大家还是要谨慎。我执行这个命令是因为我搜到的菜鸟教程的split命令案例错误导致我生成了大量小文件。没想到大名鼎鼎的菜鸟教程也会有问题,大家还用man或者tldr查看帮助手册吧。
AI 解析报错(问题答案由AI生成,使用前请测试验证)
Q:rm -f * -bash: /usr/bin/rm: Argument list too long 的原因是啥?
A:当你尝试使用 rm -f *
命令删除当前目录下的所有文件时,如果遇到错误信息 -bash: /usr/bin/rm: Argument list too long
,这通常意味着你的当前目录下有大量的文件,多到超过了系统能够处理的参数列表长度限制。
这个问题可以通过以下几种方法解决:
使用
find
命令: 使用find
命令可以递归地找到所有文件并删除它们。例如:find . -type f -exec rm -f {} \;
这个命令会找到当前目录及子目录下的所有文件(
-type f
)并逐个执行rm -f
。分批删除: 你可以将文件列表分割成较小的部分,然后分别删除。例如,使用
xargs
:find . -type f | xargs -n 100 rm -f
这里
-n 100
表示每次传递给rm
的文件数量限制为100。使用循环: 如果你不想使用
find
或xargs
,也可以使用简单的循环来删除文件:for file in *; do
rm -f "$file"
done注意,这种方法可能不会递归地删除子目录中的文件。
增加参数列表大小: 在某些情况下,你可以临时增加 shell 的参数列表大小限制。这可以通过设置
ARG_MAX
环境变量来实现,但这通常不推荐,因为它可能会影响系统的稳定性:export ARG_MAX=1048576
rm -f *请注意,这种方法可能会对系统性能产生影响,并且不是所有系统都支持这种方法。
使用
rsync
删除:rsync
可以用来删除文件,并且它不受参数列表大小的限制:rsync --remove-source-files --delete-excluded . /dev/null
这个命令会将当前目录同步到
/dev/null
,实质上是删除所有文件。
选择哪种方法取决于你的具体需求和环境。在执行这些操作之前,请确保你了解它们的作用,并小心使用,因为删除文件是不可逆的操作。
追问(问题答案由AI生成,使用前请测试验证)
系统能够处理的参数列表长度限制,是在哪里定义的?系统能够处理的参数列表长度限制是由多个因素决定的,主要包括操作系统的内核参数和shell的配置。以下是一些定义参数列表长度限制的关键点:
操作系统内核参数:
在Linux系统中,参数列表的长度限制可以通过内核的 sysctl
设置进行调整。例如,kernel.pid_max
定义了系统可以处理的最大进程数,这间接影响了参数列表的大小,因为每个进程都需要在参数列表中被引用。另一个相关的内核参数是 fs.aio-max-nr
,它定义了异步I/O操作的最大数量,这也会影响参数列表的大小。
exec系统调用的限制:
在Unix-like系统中, exec
系统调用用于执行新程序。exec
调用的参数列表长度受到系统定义的ARG_MAX
限制。这个值定义了传递给exec
的参数列表的最大字节数。
shell的配置:
Bash shell 有一个 ARG_MAX
环境变量,它表示可以传递给命令的最大参数长度。这个值通常在/etc/profile
或/etc/bash.bashrc
等配置文件中设置。如果没有显式设置,Bash 会尝试读取 /proc/sys/kernel/argmax
来获取这个值。
系统资源限制:
每个进程可以使用的内存和其他资源是有限的,这些限制也会影响到参数列表的大小。
硬件架构:
系统的硬件架构也会影响参数列表的大小。例如,32位系统和64位系统在内存寻址和处理能力上有所不同,这会影响到参数列表长度的限制。
要查看当前系统的 ARG_MAX
值,你可以使用以下命令:
getconf ARG_MAX
如果你需要调整参数列表的长度限制,可以通过修改内核参数或shell配置来实现,但请注意,这可能会对系统的稳定性和安全性产生影响。在进行这类调整之前,建议详细了解相关的系统文档和最佳实践。
结论
我模拟了删除大量小文件的过程,用strace追踪结果同样报错。
那我strace追踪一个小文件删除过程吧
root@huoshan1 /data_test2# strace rm -f aaa.txt
execve("/usr/bin/rm", ["rm", "-f", "aaa.txt"], 0x7ffe6d888a30 /* 26 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x560c3d84a000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7fffbdbb9df0) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fdf0e583000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=18383, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 18383, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e57e000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\256\3\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2089936, ...}) = 0
lseek(3, 808, SEEK_SET) = 808
read(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32) = 32
mmap(NULL, 3950816, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0df92000
mprotect(0x7fdf0e14e000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fdf0e34d000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1bb000) = 0x7fdf0e34d000
mmap(0x7fdf0e353000, 14560, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fdf0e353000
close(3) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fdf0e57c000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fdf0e584680) = 0
mprotect(0x7fdf0e34d000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x560c3bccc000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fdf0e585000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fdf0e57e000, 18383) = 0
getrandom("\xe8\xc0\x1b\x81\xbd\x2f\x31\x44", 8, GRND_NONBLOCK) = 8
brk(NULL) = 0x560c3d84a000
brk(0x560c3d86b000) = 0x560c3d86b000
brk(NULL) = 0x560c3d86b000
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2997, ...}) = 0
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2997
read(3, "", 4096) = 0
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_IDENTIFICATION", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_IDENTIFICATION", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=368, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 368, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e582000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib64/gconv/gconv-modules.cache", O_RDONLY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=26998, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 26998, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e575000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MEASUREMENT", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MEASUREMENT", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=23, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 23, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e581000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_TELEPHONE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_TELEPHONE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=59, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 59, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e580000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_ADDRESS", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_ADDRESS", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=167, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 167, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e57f000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_NAME", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_NAME", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=77, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 77, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e57e000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_PAPER", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_PAPER", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=34, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 34, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e574000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/SYS_LC_MESSAGES", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=57, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 57, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e573000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MONETARY", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MONETARY", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=286, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 286, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e572000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_COLLATE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_COLLATE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2586930, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2586930, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0dd1a000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_TIME", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_TIME", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3316, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3316, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e571000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_NUMERIC", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_NUMERIC", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=54, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 54, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e570000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_CTYPE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_CTYPE", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=337024, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 337024, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fdf0e51d000
close(3) = 0
ioctl(0, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "aaa.txt", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=5, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
unlinkat(AT_FDCWD, "aaa.txt", 0) = 0
lseek(0, 0, SEEK_CUR) = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
close(0) = 0
close(1) = 0
close(2) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
大家感兴趣可以把这段代码丢你大模型解释一下,哈哈