2. “空”的误读
Anatta (无我): A fundamental Buddhist doctrine that denies the existence of a permanent, unchanging self or soul. It asserts that what we call "self" is merely a collection of changing experiences and elements.
Sunyata (空): Often translated as "emptiness," this concept emphasizes that all things lack inherent, independent existence or essence. In Mahayana Buddhism, it refers to the absence of intrinsic nature in all phenomena.
Correspondence Theory of Truth (对应论): A theory that states that the truth or falsity of a statement is determined by how it relates to the world and whether it accurately describes that world.
Pragmatic Theory of Truth (实用论): Suggests that a statement is true if it works practically or provides useful outcomes in real-world applications.
Evolutionary Psychology (进化心理学): A theoretical approach that seeks to explain psychological traits, such as memory or perception, as the products of natural selection.
Reductionism (还原论): The approach of understanding complex phenomena by reducing them to their simpler components, often criticized when applied to fields like consciousness and spirituality.
Scientism (科学主义): The belief that science is the ultimate authority on any knowledge, including fields like ethics, metaphysics, and spirituality, which traditionally fall outside its domain.
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