Kallanish绿色钢铁战略会议就脱碳障碍展开辩论
Kallanish Green Steel Strategies debates obstacles to decarbonisation
11月27日在布鲁塞尔举行的Kallanish（开阑商务信息咨询）绿色钢铁战略会议讨论了阻碍欧洲钢铁工业脱碳的主要障碍，包括可再生能源和氢瓶颈、立法限制、融资可用性和原材料供应限制。
Kallanish Green Steel Strategies held in Brussels on 27 November debated the key obstacles holding back the decarbonisation of Europe’s steel industry, including renewable energy and hydrogen bottlenecks, legislative restrictions, financing availability and raw materials supply limitations.
欧洲高昂的电力成本使钢铁制造商在全球市场上失去竞争力
High European electricity costs make steelmakers uncompetitive on global markets
塔塔钢铁公司欧洲企业事务副总裁、欧洲钢铁协会主席Henrik Adam说，欧洲在能源成本方面并不是一个公平竞争的环境，而咨询公司GMK Center首席执行官Stanislav Zinchenko则预计，钢铁生产将在欧洲内部迁移到能源成本低的地方，并指出欧盟成员国之间现在也在相互竞争。
Henrik Adam, vice president of European corporate affairs, Tata Steel Ltd and president of Eurofer, said that Europe was not a level playing ground on energy costs, while Stanislav Zinchenko, chief executive of consultancy GMK Center, expects steelmaking to relocate within the bloc to where low-cost energy is, noting that EU members were now also competing among themselves.
Zinchenko说：“我们可以预计，欧盟的生产将从电力成本高的国家转移到电力成本低的国家。”
“We can assume production in the EU will move away from high power cost countries to low-cost ones,” Zinchenko said.
Adam表示：“我们拥有让欧洲再次伟大的所有要素，包括速度和正确的心态。”
“We have all the ingredients with speed and the right mindset to make Europe great again,” Adam noted.
缺乏监管框架和需求侧政策阻碍投资和应用
Lack of regulatory frameworks, demand-side policies hinders investment and uptake
安赛乐米塔尔公司气候变化部门主管Stephane Tondo说：“我们在制定战略时，不能制定一个全球战略。我们知道在印度该为印度市场做些什么，我们知道在美国该为美国市场做些什么，但我们不知道在欧洲该做些什么，因为情况并不明确。”
“When we build a strategy, it cannot be a global strategy. We know what to do in India for the Indian market, we know what to do in America for the American market, we don’t know what to do in Europe because the clarity is not there,” observed Stephane Tondo, head of climate change at ArcelorMittal.
世界钢铁协会环境与气候变化负责人Åsa Ekdahl告诉与会代表：“供应方面的政策发展相当多，但需求方面的政策发展却很少。”她补充说，目前所做的还不够。
Åsa Ekdahl, head of environment and climate change at the World Steel Association, told delegates: “There are quite a lot of policy developments on the supply side but very little on the demand side," adding that not enough was being done.
在有些人抱怨缺乏监管的同时，许多人对欧盟目前的碳边界调整机制提出批评。
Meanwhile, while some bemoaned a lack of regulation, many were critical of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in its current form.
Stegra公司项目融资主管Christoph Zinsser说：“这是一个正确的工具；它需要在未来许多年内发展……还有许多工作要做。”
“It’s the right tool; it needs development over many years to come … There is a lot of work still to be done," said Christoph Zinsser, head of project finance at Stegra.
一些与会者还呼吁进一步扩大产品范围，以避免碳泄漏。Adam说，碳泄漏正迫使客户离开欧洲，然后将汽车成品进口到该地区。
Several participants also called for the scope of products to be expanded further to avoid carbon leakage, which Adam said was forcing customers to leave Europe, with finished car products then being imported into the bloc.
Adam表示：“我们想脱碳，但不想去工业化。”
“We want to decarbonise but do not want to de-industrialise,” Adam asserted.
“绿色钢材”定义缺失导致买家不愿承诺溢价
Missing ‘green steel’ definition making buyers reluctant to commit to premiums
Ekdahl指出，缺乏绿色钢材的全球标准是一个障碍，而SSAB欧洲公司业务发展总监Josu Piña Bilbao则指出，绿色钢材的定义缺乏明确的法规。
Ekdahl pointed to the lack of a global standard for green steel as being a barrier, while Josu Piña Bilbao, director of business development at SSAB Europe, noted the lack of regulation clarity on a green steel definition.
对一些钢铁企业来说，未来的承购合同正在商定溢价，但对其他钢铁企业来说，这并不是他们的优先事项，因为在交货前几年没有确定定义的情况下，企业不愿意商定溢价。
For some steelmakers, future offtake contracts were being agreed with a premium, but for others it was not their priority, with companies reluctant to agree a premium without a set definition several years ahead of delivery.
据说，汽车行业是绿色钢材需求的主要推动力，而白色家电和建筑行业目前还比较落后。
The automotive industry was said to be a key driver of demand for green steel, while the white goods and construction sectors lagged behind for now.
挑战和障碍阻碍现有的脱碳方案——许多方案集中在某些地区
Challenges, roadblocks hamper available decarbonisation options – many concentrated in certain regions
小组讨论成员指出，高质量废钢的供应和潜在的贸易壁垒可能会阻碍电弧炉的日益普及。
The supply of high-quality scrap and potential trade barriers could hamper the growing adoption of EAFs, panellists noted.
Metalshub联合创始人兼总经理Sebastian Kreft指出：“没有足够的清洁废钢。”
“There’s not enough clean scrap around,” noted Metalshub co-founder and managing director Sebastian Kreft.
国际回收局贸易与环境官员Daniel Pietikainen说，贸易壁垒可能会阻碍对废钢加工的投资，导致废钢供应商退出供应链。
Daniel Pietikainen, trade and environment officer at the Bureau of International Recycling, said trade barriers could discourage investment in scrap processing and see scrap suppliers exiting the supply chain.
欧洲目前是已宣布的脱碳项目的中心，但美国和中东正在迎头赶上。然而，欧盟在氢减排方面并不具备成本竞争力。
Europe is currently the epicentre for announced decarbonisation projects, but the US and the Middle East are catching up. However, the EU will not be a cost competitive location for hydrogen reduction.
大多数小组讨论成员都认为，无论物流成本如何，氢都不会被运走。相反，氢气枢纽将成为铁枢纽，绿铁是一种具有成本竞争力的材料，可以运往在当地无法获得该资源的钢铁制造商。
Most panellists agreed that hydrogen will not be shipped, regardless of logistics costs. Instead, hydrogen hubs would become iron hubs, with green iron being a cost competitive material which can be shipped to steelmakers without resources available locally.
关于碳捕集与碳封存，来自Transition-Asia的一位小组讨论成员指出，成本和风险大于收益。
On carbon capture and storage, a panellist from Transition-Asia noted that the costs and risks outweighed the benefits.
关于氢气供应问题，Ramboll公司绿色能源转型市场总监Anna Pekala说，在项目延期和成本高企的情况下，欧盟计划每年进口1,000万吨氢气，并在2030年之前在国内生产同等数量的氢气，“不幸的是，这种可能性非常小。”
On hydrogen availability, amid project delays and high costs, Anna Pekala, market director green energy transition at Ramboll, said the EU’s plans to annually import 10 million tonnes of hydrogen and produce the same amount domestically by 2030 were “unfortunately very unlikely.”
她补充道：“实际容量仅为这一目标的25-30%。不会超过50-65吉瓦的电解槽装机容量。”
“The realistic capacity will be at only 25-30% of that. Not more than 50-65 GW of installed capacity of electrolysers,” she added.
在金属方面，不同等级铁矿石的供应可能会成为矿商和钢铁制造商面临的挑战。
On metallics, the supply of different grades of iron ore would likely become a challenge for miners and steelmakers.
Primetals公司首席技术官兼绿色钢铁部门主管Alexander Fleischanderl说：“矿业公司正在拼命寻找中低品位铁矿石的解决方案。未来，中低品位铁矿石将供过于求，而高品位铁矿石已经供不应求。”
“The mining companies are desperately looking for solutions for lower to mid-grade iron ore. In the future, they will end up in an oversupply, while the higher-grade iron ores are already looking at an undersupply,” said Alexander Fleischanderl, Primetals chief technology officer & head of green steel.
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