本期主要分为两个部分：
寒冷对呼吸道传染病的流行影响 寒冷对人体免疫的影响
图 后流335-1 近年我国哨点医院流感阳性率
图 后流335-2 EVs（细胞外囊泡）的抗病毒效果
图 后流335-3 冷暴露降低TLR3依赖的EV表面受体蛋白上调
也就是说，温度下降会显著影响鼻腔的抗病毒免疫。
从预防呼吸道传染病的角度出发，除了做好日常防护和接种相关疫苗外，做好口鼻处的保湿并根据温度变化更换衣物做好保暖也是相当有必要的事项。
以上就是本期分享的全部内容，如果有什么问题欢迎给我私信，也可以给我发送邮件（dzdyzj@126.com）
参考资料：
[1]Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Steel J, Palese P. Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Oct 19;3(10):1470-6. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030151. PMID: 17953482; PMCID: PMC2034399.
[2]Sadique MZ, Edmunds WJ, Smith RD, Meerding WJ, de Zwart O, Brug J, Beutels P. Precautionary behavior in response to perceived threat of pandemic influenza. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Sep;13(9):1307-13. doi: 10.3201/eid1309.070372. PMID: 18252100; PMCID: PMC2857294.
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[4]中国国家流感中心，流感周报。
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[6]Jaakkola K, Saukkoriipi A, Jokelainen J, Juvonen R, Kauppila J, Vainio O, Ziegler T, Rönkkö E, Jaakkola JJ, Ikäheimo TM; KIAS-Study Group. Decline in temperature and humidity increases the occurrence of influenza in cold climate. Environ Health. 2014 Mar 28;13(1):22. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-22. PMID: 24678699; PMCID: PMC3978084.
[7]Jaakkola K, Saukkoriipi A, Jokelainen J, Juvonen R, Kauppila J, Vainio O, Ziegler T, Rönkkö E, Jaakkola JJ, Ikäheimo TM; KIAS-Study Group. Decline in temperature and humidity increases the occurrence of influenza in cold climate. Environ Health. 2014 Mar 28;13(1):22. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-22. PMID: 24678699; PMCID: PMC3978084.
[8]Noback ML, Harvati K, Spoor F. Climate-related variation of the human nasal cavity. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Aug;145(4):599-614. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21523. Epub 2011 Jun 9. PMID: 21660932.
[9]Kaliner MA. Human nasal host defense and sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992 Sep;90(3 Pt 2):424-30. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(92)90162-u. PMID: 1527331.
[10]Huang D, Taha MS, Nocera AL, Workman AD, Amiji MM, Bleier BS. Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm-mediated nasal antiviral immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Feb;151(2):509-525.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.037. Epub 2022 Dec 6. PMID: 36494212.
