印度石榴栽培（7年生石榴园）
石榴（Punica granatum L.）的种植很早就被引入地中海和印度等东部国家。印度的石榴种植面积居世界首位（107,000 公顷），产量为 743,000 吨，但出口量仅为 30156.98 吨。近五年来，产量、出口量和国内消费量呈下降趋势。马哈拉施特拉邦（主要邦）、卡纳塔克邦、古吉拉特邦、安得拉邦和泰米尔纳德邦是主要的石榴产区。“Ganesh”、“Bhagwa”、“Ruby”、“Arakta”和“Mridula”是重要的商业品种。细菌性枯萎病是一种导致果实开裂的主要疾病，从而降低了市场价值和出口能力。旨在解决枯萎病的研究项目正在筹备中。平均每公顷建厂成本为 1,90,000 卢比，维护成本为 25,000 卢比，平均收益为每公顷 1,20,000 至 1,40,000 卢比。投资回收期为 5 至 6 年，B:C 比率为 2.52 至 2.90，IRR 为 55% 至 60%。农民已注册 GLOBALGAP 认证并遵循 AGMARK 评级。主要市场是孟买、那格浦尔、加尔各答、德里、金奈、班加罗尔、浦那和艾哈迈达巴德。已建立农业出口区，马哈拉施特拉邦的国家石榴研究中心、Solapur、MPKV、Rahuri 提供研究支持，而卡纳塔克邦的 UHS-Bagalkot 和 IIHR-Bangalore 为农民提供支持。卡纳塔克邦政府正在巴加尔科特（卡纳塔克邦）建立一个卓越中心和冷链设施，并在巴拉马蒂建立一个配备机械处理系统的出口设施中心。加入世贸组织后，印度石榴的生产和出口增长率高于加入世贸组织前。贸易方向表明，沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋是稳定的进口国。印度采取了一系列措施来提高竞争力。需要通过交易会、展览会等，努力在加拿大、美国、南美、澳大利亚、韩国、日本等国家推广印度石榴。
The cultivation of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was introduced quite early in the Mediterranean and eastern countries like India. India ranks first in area (107,000 ha) with a production of 743,000 t, but exports only 30156.98 t. During the recent five years, production, export and domestic consumption showed a decreasing trend. Maharashtra (leading state), Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are major pomegranate producing states. Ganesh, Bhagwa, Ruby, Arakta and Mridula are the important commercial cultivars. Bacterial blight is a major disease causing fruit crack, thus reducing the market value and exportability. Research projects aiming to tackle blight are in the pipeline. On an average rupee 1,90,000/ha is the cost for establishment and rupee 25,000 maintenance with average returns of rupee 1,20,000 to 1,40,000/ha. The payback period ranges from 5 to 6 years having B:C ratio of 2.52 to 2.90 and IRR of 55 to 60%. Farmers have registered with GLOBALGAP certification and follow AGMARK grading. Major markets are Mumbai, Nagpur, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Pune and Ahmedabad. An Agri Export Zone has been established and research support is extended by the National Research Centre for Pomegranate, Solapur, MPKV, Rahuri in Maharashtra, whereas, UHS-Bagalkot and IIHR-Bangalore in Karnataka support farmers. The government of Karnataka is setting up a Centre of Excellence and Cold chain facility in Bagalkot (Karnataka) and an export facility centre is being set up in Baramati with mechanical handling system. The growth rate in the production and export of pomegranate during the post-WTO period were higher than the pre-WTO. Direction of trade indicated that Saudi Arabia and UAE were the stable importers. A number of measures are taken for enhancing competitiveness. Efforts are needed to popularize Indian pomegranates in Canada, the USA, South America, Australia, Korea, Japan, etc. through fairs, exhibitions, etc.
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